The Federal Reserve Essay Example for Free

The Federal Reserve Essay The Federal Reserve is a federal government department that is independent from political influence, so that they can regulate, and grant insurance to the people of the United States. It also functions as a backer of banks so that people do not lose their money. In addition they regulate the curricula ion of the money flow and set requirements that banks must follow. In the following we will explore the functions of the twelve Federal Reserve banks, and the reason that the Federal Reserve is considered the bankers bank. In addition the role of the Federal open Market committee will be explored in their role in economic policy. Also there will be exploration into why federal would want to decrease the money supply. The twelve Federal Reserve banks have three main functions that they must do, to keep the economy and money flow correct. The first is inspection of local banks within their jurisdiction to ensure they are living up to the regulations set by the Federal Reserve. There second main function is to infuse or take out money from circulation so that the circular flow is maintained at a proper level. In addition they process thousands of checks, and ensure that debit and credit transaction goes through smoothly [ (smale, 2010) ]. These main actions are essential in ensuring the economy and money flow operates correctly without problems. The reserve banks are considered the banker banks because; they store currency and make money available for the member banks. They also process  the checks and debits from the member banks. They are king of banks and regulate the banking industry in the process. They also control the flow of money, so that the value of it stays consistent and does not drop. This is essential in controlling the money flow and economic prosperity of the United States Economy. [ (education.org, 2012) ] The Federal open market committee is a committee that is made up of seven member board of governors, and five Federal Reserve Bank presidents. There role in monetary policy is that they determine what is best in day to day regulations of both the reserve banks and their members. In addition they set certain policies that affect the economy in different ways. They determine the amount of money and credit that will be available in the United States economy. There is to maintain stability and growth in the United States economy. They try to ensure enough reserve of money to encourage expansion of money and credit to the banks in their network. [ (board, 2012) ] The Federal Reserve would consider cutting the money supply to sure up the economy. If there is too much money out there and not enough want to use that money, it is not good for the economy. They control the money supply with rising or falling of interest rates. Higher interest rate result in less borrowing, this tightens up the money supply and allows the economy to even out in the long run. If they want to put more money into the economy they would lower interest rates and as a result more people are willing to borrow more money. They would want to cut the supply when they want and need to borrow money is not high. They would do this is the economy was starting to slow, and would keep the money supply lowered till the need and want for that money is granted again. Before the Federal Reserve was created there was times when people would not use banks, because if the bank failed they would lose all their money they had in the bank. This would result in people being scared to put money in the bank during economic hard times because of their fear of losing there life’s savings. The creation of the Federal Reserve gave people an insurance that there money would not be lost in the case of a bank going under. The  Federal Reserve would promise to pay this back to them if that happened. The Federal Reserve would also make economic decisions in the economy that would keep it more stable than before. The Federal reserve is a responsible for ensuring that the economy and money supply stays stable, and ensures that member banks run up to federal standards. The main functions of the open market committee are to regulate the flow of currency and keep in reserve of money so that it creates a stable United States economy and federal regulation. People were afraid to put money in the banks before the creation of the Federal Reserve banks. This would change after the creation of the federal banking system. At some points the Federal Reserve’s needs to limit the amount of money in the economy to ensure economic supply and demand. Works Cited board, T. f. (2012). The structure of the federal reserve. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from federalreserve.gov: http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/frseries/frseri2.htm education.org, F. (2012). The structure of the federal reserve. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from Federalreserve education.org: http://www.federalreserveeducation.org/about-the-fed/structure-and-functions/ smale, P. (2010, Novemeber 10). Congressional research service. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from www.fas.org: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS20826.pdf

Options for Financing the Purchase of a Website :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Options for Financing the Purchase of a Website Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com Financing a website purchase, or getting cash for a down payment can take many forms. Hopefully the options listed below will give you some ideas where you can find the money to buy a website! Credit Cards - many buyers these days are tapping their credit cards for their down payment to buy a website. The downside of this option is that if you are getting an SBA loan to buy a website, they won’t let you use â€Å"a credit card/loan – borrowed money† for the down payment. Other than that this option works for many since there is no waiting for the money or cumbersome approval process. SBA Loans – Many websites today are purchased with 7(a) SBA loans. There are conditions however in getting one to buy a website. You still have to put down between 15%-30% depending on the lender, you must have good or excellent credit, and the website has to have sufficient cash flow to support the debt service of the loan. The loans are typically 10 years in duration and 2-3 points above the prime interest rate. The process of getting an SBA loan to buy a website can be a tedious one and can take one month to six months to complete/fund. Home Equity – With home equity growing rapidly, many buyers utilize these funds to either buy a website or utilize it for a down payment. Lenders are eager to give out home equity loans. Loans can usually be secured rather rapidly, but plan ahead and move quickly so you don’t miss out on any great websites that come out on the market for sale. Owner Financing – This form of financing is only applicable we=hen you have a willing website owner. Usually the buyer will put down 40 to 60% (utilizing one of the methods above), and the owner will carry back a note for a duration of usually two to five years. Interest rates vary but they usually will be higher than banks or commercial resources. Sometime there will be â€Å"combo† financing with the owner taking back a partial note and the rest of the financing will come from the above resources. Retirement Plans – Many buyers have built up sizeable amounts in their work 401(k) plans. There is a way to tap this money tax free – put it into a â€Å"special trust† that then buys the website for you.

Climate change and Solutions

Climate change is a concept that has generated much controversy in recent times, the many competing theories as to why climate change is occurring is no longer meaningful and we are now at a stage where unless serious measures are introduced to combat the causes of climate change human kind as a civilisation could be wiped out forever. As a UCT student and a South African citizen I firmly believe that climate change has mainly been induced by the developed world, however, despite this fact, the responsibilities of combating global change do not primarily lie in the hands of the developed world. Successfully overcoming such a huge problem such as climate change requires the cooperation and willingness of the entire world. There comes a time where we have to accept responsibility for our actions. That time is now. It is not too late to correct the mistake we have made, however we need less talk and more action. The policies of mitigation and adaption which traditionally have been the main two policies in combating climate change have proved to be limiting in their effectiveness (Parry, 2009:1-2). For example, achieving current mitigation targets will not prevent major environmental impacts, as in order for mitigation to have any effect in reducing global damage global emission cuts of 80 percent are necessary (Parry, 2009:1). According to Martin Parry the fundamental cause of climate change is unsustainable development, both in the past and the present (Parry, 2009:1). Sustainable development is therefore pivotal in forming the fundamental prerequisites for combating climate change. Parry further goes on to emphasize the necessity for the implementation of a sustainable development strategy that ‘combines mitigation and adaptation in a whole package of other development strategies, including high levels of efficiency and equity in resource use, investment, governance and income growth' in order to successfully and effectively confront climate change (Parry, 2009:8). In response to the article published in the Mail and Guardian on the 10th September 2009; combating climate change will not necessarily stagnate or reduce development. Low carbon economies are effective in creating employment opportunities and bringing about the fundamental prerequisites that are essential for enticing development whilst limiting environmental damage (Winkler and Marquard, 2009:62). Energy efficiency programmes are most effective in reducing emissions with little economic consequence which in a country such as South Africa is desperately needed in order to reduce carbon emissions with little effect on economic development (Winkler and Marquard, 2009:62). Other ways of reducing emissions as highlighted by Winkler and Marquard include the implementation of non-carbon and reduced carbon energy supplies in the form of hydroelectricity, natural gas and solar power (Winkler and Marquard, 2009:62). However, changing development paths is a very challenging and time consuming process which can be bought about in various ways including; the imposition of carbon taxes, selective beneficiation and incentive programmes for energy-intensive industries (Winkler and Marquard, 2009:62). Climate change is a global problem that can only be solved through global cooperation and teamwork. The injustices of the past must be forgotten and both the developed and developing world must work together to ensure the immediate and drastic reduction in emissions. Combating global climate change is a long term process that requires extreme dedication and ruthless legislation that will ensure the full cooperation from countries the world over. Economic growth is not the priority anymore; mankind could potentially be on the brink of extinction unless drastic measures to combat climate change are implemented. ‘When the last tree is cut down, the last river poisoned, the last fish caught, then, only man will discover, that he cannot eat money'.

The Labeling Of Genetically Engineered Crops - 834 Words

Introduction: In an immense variation of ways, farmers grow their crops and keep them healthy and ready for distribution. The need for a greater variety of healthy and resistant crop is consistently rising as populations continue to increase around the world. Yet, agricultural food scientists have manipulated the DNA structure of countless foods. One main concern for consumers is the use of GMOs, genetically engineered crops. However, GMOs are very hard to find when manufacturers claim to not have them in their products and also not completely healthy. To provide information to customers, labeling requirements have been set up in many countries to aid international trade. In this experiment we will test different foods to find traces of GMO including one that claims to not contain GMOs. We hypothesize that the lettuce sample would not contain any GMO genes. Material and Methods: DNA extraction of samples for PCR. Three samples were prepared: Soy bean with GMO, Soy bean without GMO, Lettuce, and Chex ® cereal. The food samples were crushed into a powder and separated. Next, 100  µl of Edwards buffer was added to samples. For another minute, the food was then grounded. Then, 900  µl of Edwards’s buffer was then added to each sample and vortex. The samples were then boiled for 5 minutes and centrifuged for 2 minutes. Next 350  µ of each supernatant was transferred to fresh tubes. 400  µl of isopropanol was then added to the supernatant samples. The solutions were then inversedShow MoreRelatedLabeling Of Genetically Engineered Food1107 Words   |  5 PagesLabeling Genetically Engineered Foods A popular debate in the United States that’s been ongoing since 1990, is the labeling on Genetically Modified or Engineered foods otherwise known as GMO’s. Genetically engineered food is an unnatural process of plant or meat products. These two products have had their DNA artificially altered in a laboratory by genes from other plants, animals, viruses, or bacteria to produce foreign genes in food. Monsanto, an agriculture company, claims the reason behind thisRead MoreArguments Of Proponents And Opponents Of The Safe And Accurate Food Labeling Act1744 Words   |  7 PagesAfter presenting the arguments of proponents and opponents of the Safe and Accurate Food Labeling Act. This paper will now analyze each issue to determine the strengths and weakness of each side’s argument. One argument that proponents make about genetically modified food is that they are no different than natural foods. 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Consumers are demanding that all genetically modified foods are labeled so that they will have information about what ingredients are in these foods. The companies who sell genetically modified foods do not want to label them and are making claims that labeling these foods would raise food prices, hurt farmers, and cause genetically modified foods to gain the reputationRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1236 Words   |  5 PagesLayla Sugawara 4/12/15 9/Fe Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetics has been altered by some form of technology. GMOs were first developed from the idea of selective breeding or artificial selection. Selective breeding or artificial selection is when humans purposely breed two selected organisms to reproduce a offspring with a desired trait. The beginning of genetic engineering is unclear. Before the 1900s, some farmers and naturalistsRead MoreAre Genetically Modified Foods Safe and Nutritious? Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesAre Genetically Modified Foods Safe and Nutritious Genetically modified (GM) foods have taken over the traditional methods of farming by now being planted in over a quarter of the world’s farm land and it is essential that they are labeled for all consumers to see. These genetically modified foods have taken a toll on not only the environment, but human health as well. Those that agree with the genes of crops and other foods being spliced to create a more â€Å"beneficial† product for man state thatRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Replace Conventional Food Production Techniques And The Safety Of The Foods Produced1290 Words   |  6 PagesThere exists a debate over the use of genetically modified organisms to replace conventional food production techniques and the safety of the foods produced. In 2014, the Pew Research Center conducted a survey of the general public and reported that out of a survey of 2,000 individuals 57% of individuals believed it unsafe to consume genetically modified foods, 25% conside red it safe, and 6% either did not know or did not answer (Funk and Rainie). In sharp contrast to this statistic, when asked the