Lincoln and The 1864 Presidential Election Essay -- Government

The 1864 presidential election was one of the important elections in the American History. In the middle of a devastating civil war, the United States had held its presidential election almost without discussing any alternative (American President A Reference Resource). None of the other Democratic nations had always conducted a national election during the time of war. While there was still talk going in postponing the election. That was when capital of Nebraska pointed out that America needs a free government and without conducting the election we have ruined ourselves (Boller P.115). So, before even the year had ended United States had gone forward with its voting just as in peacetime. This was one of the deeply anxious election outcomes for both, the Republican and Pro-war Democrats. They both joint together and formed the National Union Party, which re-nominated Lincoln and selected Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee a orotund state of war Democrats. The campaign of 1864 was noisy and abusive. The threat posed by the Democratic Party, which met in Chicago in August. The Democrats came forward boldly and proclaimed the Civil War a failure, demanded the immediate ending of hostilities, and called for the convening of a national convention to restore the Union by negotiation with the Confederate government (American President A Reference Resource). The Democrats nominated General George B. McClellan, former commander of Union forces whom Lincoln had fired because of his failure to pursue Confederate General Robert E. Lees army after the contest at Antietam in 1862. Some of the Radical Republicans were completely against Lincolns reelection (Mintz). Lincoln then had asked the congress to seat representative from the three recently conquered Con... ... to George W. Bush. January 2004.Chadwick, Bruce. Lincoln For President. Sourcebooks, Naperville Illinois, 2009.McNamara, Robert. The Election of 1860 Brings Abraham Lincoln to the White House Presidential Po litics at a Time of National Crisis. Retrieved March 29th, 2012. http//history1800s.about.com/od/presidentialcampaigns/a/1860election.htm Mintz, S. The 1864 Presidential Election. digital History. (2007). Retrieved March 30th, 2012. http//www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=121Walsh, Kenneth T. The Most Consequential Elections in History Abraham Lincolns Victory in 1864 Led to the End of the Civil War Lincolns victory in 1860 triggered the Civil War, and his victory in 1864 allowed him to win it. Retrieved March 29th, 2012.http//www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/07/30/the-most-consequential-elections-in-history

Global Warming Is Eroding Glacial Ice :: Analysis, Andrew C. Revkin

People are responsible for higher carbon dioxide atmosphere emissions, while the Earth is now into the Little Ice Age, or just back tooth it. These factors together cause many years discussions of the main sources of climate changes and the temperature increasing as a result of human been or natural changes and its consequences even if its caterpillar tread to the global warming, or to the Earths cooling. In their articles, Global Warming Is Eroding Glacial Ice by Andrew C. Revkin and Global Warming Is Not a Threat to Polar Ice by Philip Stott, both authors discuss these two theories (Revkin 340 Stott 344). Revkin is right that global warming is taking place. Significant increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is due to human activities combined with natural factors such as volcanic emissions and solar radiation on the whole together they lead to climate changes and temperatures rising. At the same time, other factors such as deforestation contribute to environmental changes for some glaciers not less than air pollution. However, during global warming not all regions of the planet are affected in the same way, local warming and cooling are both possible during these changes. First, during the last few decades the Earth is experiencing greater rate of rising temperatures due to greenhouse gases that are being produced by human activities rather than because of environmental reasons, such as solar or volcanic activities. In 2006 the President of the National Academy of Sciences stated There is no doubt that the Earth is warming, also he added that deal are at least(prenominal) partly responsible for these changes in addition to regular factors (Cicerone, par.4). Natural factors have produced climate fluctuations on Earth for several million years. People have effect an atmosphere of the Earth just for nearly one hundred years, since Industrial Revolution has begun (Revkin 340). Of course, it is unfair to say that global warming is caused entirely by h umans. For example, people can not have an impact on the position of Earth in relation to the sun, or on the galactic density, or such temperament events as air emissions of volcanic gases. As a result of these environmental factors, Earth usually had higher rates of temperature fluctuations during the previous million years than it has in later centuries. On the other hand, people are responsible for the highest concentration of greenhouse gases during the last 650,000 years in the atmosphere due to industrial manufacturing, dictated by the increase in consumer consumption (Lindsey, par.

Judaisms Modernization In America :: essays research papers

The Judaic way of life has been affected in a tremendous way by the people of the United States of the States. By the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, there were only 2500 Jews in America. For forty years beginning in 1840, 250,000 Jews (primarily from Germany, Hungary, and Bohemia) entered this country. Anti-Semitism and economic woes in Eastern Europe went from bad to worse after the pogroms of 1881-1882. Almost three one million million million Eastern European Jews left between 1881 and 1914, two million (85%) of which decided to come to America, where they thought "the streets were paved with gold." They were wrong. Because of this intercontinental migration, the socialcharacterization of Jews in America changed drastically. Beforethe move, the largest group in the early eighteenth ampere-second werethe Sephardic Jews. They lived in the coastal cities as merchants,artisans, and shippers. The Jews who predominately spoke Germancame to America o ver 100 years later, and quickly spread bring out overthe land. Starting as peddlers, they moved up to businesspositions in the south, midwest, and on the west coast. New YorkCity had 85,000 Jews by 1880, most of which had German roots. Atthis time in American history, the government accepted many peoplefrom many different backgrounds to allow for a diverse populationthis act of opening our borders probably is the origin of thedescriptive phrase "the melting pot of the world."These German Jews rapidly assimilated themselves and their faith. Reform Judaism arrived here after the Civil War due to the advent of European Reform rabbis. Jewish seminaries, associations, and institutions, such as Cincinnatis Hebrew Union College, NewYorks Jewish Theological Seminary, the Union of American HebrewCongregations (UAHC), and the Central Conference of AmericanRabbis, were founded in the 1880s.America was experimenting with industry on a huge scale at the time the Eastern European Jews t hat arrived. Their social history combined with the American Industrial shape up produced an extremely diverse and distinct American Jewry by the end of theintercontinental migration, which coincided with the start of theGreat World War (World War I). Almost two out of every three newimmigrants called the big northeast municipalities (such as theLower East Side of New York) their new home. They would take anyjob visible(prenominal) to support the family, and they worked in manydifferent jobs which were as physically demanding as they werediverse. The garment district in New York today was made from themeticulousness, the sweat, and the determination of the Jews.

Why Belgium is a Special Country Essay -- essays research papers

Belgium is a small country in Northwestern Europe, bordering France, Luxembourg, Ger numerous, The Netherlands, The North Sea, and the North Atlantic Ocean. About the size of Maryland, Belgium has a suprising 10.3 million people. In which most of the people are Flemish and French. Belgiums position at the crossroads of Europe give the country an international flavor. for the most part true in Belgiums capitol city, Brussels. Brussels is the home of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO), which makes Belgium a very special, yet unnoticed, country.Bonjour or hello. Bonjour is hello in French, one of the many spoken languages in Belgium. Sadly French is only spoken by 32 % of Belgians. The other 68 % is spoken by Flemish with 56 %, multilingual with 11 % , and German with a lonesome 1 %. Obviously Flemish is the most spoken, and is the easiest language translating thank you to dank u, and very well to goed. Most seeming if you were to visit or live in Belgium Flemish would be the language to speak.At the crossroads of Europe, Belgium has witnessed a constant ebb and flow of different peoples and cultures all over its long history. It comprises cultural elements of Celtic, Roman, German, French, Dutch, Spanish, and Austrian origins. Immigrants who came to Belgium from Southern Europe, Turkey, and North Africa after World War II have further contributed to the countrys cultural mix. Today, Belgians are divided lingually into Dutch speakers, called Flemings, and French speakers, called Walloons, with a nominally bilingual population in Brussels. Some 67,000 German speakers live in the east, about 900,000 foreigners reside in Belgium as well. Population density is the second highest in Europe, after the Netherlands.Every Belgian ... ...ding and an architectural heritage of value to qualify for the nomination.Shopping is one of the most popular activities undertaken by UK holidaymakers when they travel around Europe, and this is increasingly becoming the case with Brussels which is attracting more and more of the big names in national and international fashion to its increment shopping districts. What better way to discover the delights of the destination than to visit gems such as Crupet, a charming little town on the edge of a wooded valley, or Melin with its spectacular views, nestled on the heights of a valley or even the picturesque Lompret, situated in the meander of a river while enjoying the best of what these villages have to offer. In conclusion, Belgiums beautiful landscape and delicious foods make it the ideal place to live or vacation. One should feel easy and pleased to call it home.

Robert Andrew Millikan Essay -- essays research papers

Robert Andrew Millikan     In 1909 Robert Andrew Millikan set up an apparatus to measure the chargeof an electron within an accuracy range of 3%. In 1913 he came out with avalue of the electrical charge that would serve the world of science for ageneration.     Young Millikan had a childhood wish most others he had no idea what hisprofession would be. Once he recalled trying to jump from a rowboat to a dock,falling in the water, and closely drowning. Here he had his first account withphysics - Newtons Third Law of Motion "For every action there is an equal and foeman reaction". Even in High School natural philosophy courses Millikan was not sospirited, which may have had a little to do with his teachers habit of spendingthe summers using a divining rod to find water. After Millikan graduated fromMaquoketa High he was accepted into Oberlin College. Robert actually began hisphysics career when he taught an elementary course at the req uest of his Greekprofessor during his sophomore year. He then transferred to Columbia Universityfrom which he graduated in 1893 as the lone(prenominal) student graduate in physics. Afterthis accomplishment Millikan travelled to Germany to study with such professorsPlanck and others. When this period was on his resume Millikan was offered aposition in the Physics department at the University of Chicago and Millikantook it. After teaching for a period Millikan decided that physics could o...

Robert Andrew Millikan Essay -- essays research papers

Robert Andrew Millikan     In 1909 Robert Andrew Millikan set up an apparatus to measure the chargeof an electron within an accuracy range of 3%. In 1913 he came out with avalue of the electrical charge that would serve the world of science for ageneration.     Young Millikan had a childhood exchangeable most others he had no idea what hisprofession would be. Once he recalled trying to jump from a rowboat to a dock,falling in the water, and about drowning. Here he had his first account withphysics - Newtons Third Law of Motion "For every action there is an equal and antagonist reaction". Even in High School physical science courses Millikan was not sospirited, which may have had a little to do with his teachers habit of spendingthe summers using a divining rod to find water. After Millikan graduated fromMaquoketa High he was accepted into Oberlin College. Robert actually began hisphysics career when he taught an elementary course at the request of his Greekprofessor during his sophomore year. He then transferred to Columbia Universityfrom which he graduated in 1893 as the that student graduate in physics. Afterthis accomplishment Millikan travelled to Germany to study with such professorsPlanck and others. When this period was on his resume Millikan was offered aposition in the Physics department at the University of Chicago and Millikantook it. After teaching for a period Millikan decided that physics could o...

My Mugged Response Essay

In lesson 1 we demonstrated our perception of Dig and Marky through physicalising there characters. The aspects of the looseness medium we purposed were, blockade frame, improvisation, thought track, mime, movement and gesture. As a class we read and comprehended pages 5-21. Theyre near Markey and dig interchanging there burglarized items. After we read through the play, sir recrudesce us into 2 groups. One group Markys, One group Digs. We had to show a scene from their morning routine (in the shop). I got put into the group of Dig, I interpreted Dig in a behaviour which was to procrastinate. I conducted Dig in lifeless ,manner. I showed that dig was lazy by my use of drama medium (movement) and acting skills. My actions were very postponing and sluggish letting the audience know , my character was extremely careless. I played Dig in a careless, lifeless manor, because from the play we know that he is very self-centred and in ones self. In lesson 6 we had to summarise how each c haracter might feel about the murder. In lesson 6, we apply guilt spilt staging, voice & contrasts, We used one of the forms of stimuli of play scripts .In the play script we explored the line I told him not to come back didnt I mel to understand how all the characters feel guilty. The characters feel guilty because marky has been murdered. All the characters feel conscience-stricken and guilt ridden. The script changes throughout the ending of the play it raises the tension by shortening the dialogue. The characters speech becomes shortened and there words become more scarce and sudden . We then did a police interview by the use of drama medium split staging. Split staging can use two or more different levels, and the audience can see characters conk out if one group is behind the other and using the raised level. Me and shea was the police officers interviewing dig and sophie which in this case was Hodan and Arthur. We asked them questions much(prenominal) as , how do you fee l about the death of markey ?They replied with very abrupt replies as we know thy was very heartbroken about the tragic news. In lesson 3 we had to explore characters reactions to the morning of the murder. The drama mediums we used were hot seating, role play , characterisation, action, plot content. We read pages 22-28 . Then we hot seated marky, dig, leon , taylor soph or mel. When it was my turn to hot seat I was soph. My group asked me questions such as how do you feel towards leon? How do you feel about your school life and home life? I replied in the character as soph as much as possible. I had a lot of positive feed back on my use of hotseating . Eisa said carlie answered the questions well linking back to the script and what we already know about soph and she answered immediately and confident In my opinion Jerome Richardson was hot seated outstandingly Using him sense of emotion very well exhibit us his emotion by the way he spoke and the way he looked uncomfortable with certain questions . Jerome really played the character breathtakingly when asked the questions. He stayed in character and was very believable. Then we did a role play off text improvisation showing characters feeling before the murder (using thought track) By doing a off text improvisation we are showing out understanding of how much we know about the character. i was mel in the scene so I took all I knew about mel and pretended I was her thinking about how she would act and what she would do.

Family Education Essay

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. It is my pleasure to be here to apply you a presentation. First of both, I have several questions for all of you. (PPT) How much do you know about your children? (Is there any teacher would like to share some ideas?) As for students, do you communicate with your parents often? roll in the hay you talk like close friends? Well, your answers can be quite different as your parents from distinct backgrounds have their own means of parenting. So today,(PPT) I am going to talk about family education, something important during our early age and may influence us a lot in futures life. Particularly, I exit compare family education between occidental families and Chinese households to highlight some significant factors.First of all, I found a macroscopical gull about the obvious difference between Chinese and western sandwich family education on the internet (PPT) that said everything is provided for kids in China and parents advocate free growth in western countries. Since it states only part of the picture, now lets enjoy a small performance carried out by my classmates, which may give you an impressive and clear sight of what the difference actually is. (PPT)This is a situation that shows the reaction of parents from China and a western country respectively when their kids plan to do a wild adventure. (PPT)Well, now I hope you all can have this sort of feeling after you enjoy the show, (PPT)that the purposes of parenting is definitely the same near the world. Whereas, different instructive concepts and approaches create the distinguishing circumstances for children to grow up. (PPT)So, I am going to explain the difference in three main aspects as I suppose (PPT) the extent that parents respect and value childrens self-will the protection that parents offer to their kids and the styles of communication between parents and children in daily life. (PPT) In the first place, western parents are relatively more democratic and ca re more about the development of childrens personalities and thoughts. However, they may neglect those enticing affairs which might lead the young kids. In contrary, Chinese parents want their kids to grow up in the way they set for their children. In this case, kids seem to have no opportunities to trythose things they may have more interests and talents in.(PPT) Secondly, many parents in China are against kids doing things with danger, because they are afraid of children getting hurt to affect their physical growth. But in western families, parents are likely to encourage kids to meet challenges and experience adventures, as well as give children enough space to cultivate their independence. (PPT) Thirdly, while western parents ordinarily talk to their children like friends or colleagues, with sharing their opinions to expand kids own ideas and teach them how to think, some Chinese parents are confused about the ways communicating with their children. They propensity their kids to understand and even support their educating methods without realizing that their children may have already been weary about the parenting.Well, have you gained something new about the difference between family education in China and western nations from above description? (PPT) I want invite you to witness the change of parents attitudes from China and that western country toward the situation we mentioned at the opening of my presentation. Welcome my classmates again.Thanks them very much for enriching my speech.(PPT) Well, I believe that a conclusion may be came out now, that the successful family education can be the result of cultivation of ones morality and positive attitude toward life. (PPT) What is more, whoever Chinese parents or western parents should both pay more attention on building the equal and closer relationship with their children, as well as treat them as special individuals, then the kids are likely to have a better opportunity to grow up in this kind of at mosphere.(PPT) Overall, Id like to add that if we are more creative and optimistic, there will be a wonderful future for all of us.

Medgar Evers

Medgar Evers Medgar Evers was a civil rights activist whose life was cut short due to the racism and discriminations towards blacks in his time. Medgar Wiley Evers was born on July 2, 1925, near Decatur, multiple sclerosis. He grew up on a small farm that his father owned along with 5 other siblings. Evers strived to get his diploma by walking 12 miles to and from naturalize every day, until 1943, when Evers was inducted into the army along with his brother Charles Evers. He fought during WWII he was honorably discharged as a sergeant in 1946.He returned home and two old age later he started to attend Alcorn College majoring in business administration. He was very active people in college a process of the debate team, the school choir, football team, track team, and was also the president of his junior class. He was listed in the Whos Who in American Colleges. He received his BA degree a division after he married Myrlie Beasley and they would later have 3 children. They moved af ter Evers found a job as an insurance salesman in raft Bayou, Mississippi.He and his brother Charles Evers were apart on the Regional Council of Negro Leadership (RCNL) where he helped organize a boycott of public restrooms that blacks couldnt use. Medgar tried to enroll into the University of Mississippi Law School in which he was rejected. He filed a law suit against the University as an attempt to defy segregation in the school. The NAACP later chose Evers to be their first field secretary to represent them. Evers attempted to desegregate the University of Mississippi by trying to enroll James Meredith an African American.Meredith was later accepted in the University of Mississippi which lead to a riot on campus going two white men dead. Evers also investigated the murder of Emmett Till and supported Clyde Kennard, all of these answer lead to more hatred towards him from the whites. He was becoming a target to many white supremacists he came across many problem and altercation s and still remained non-violent. On May 28, 1963, a Molotov cocktail was thrown into his house and he was almost run over by a car after he was leaving from the NAACP office.But a day after president JFKs speech to support civil rights Evers was shot in the back. He was shot by a member of the KKK and also white supremacists named Byron De La Beckwith. Beckwith was tried for Evers murder two times and both trials ended with no verdict so he wasnt sentenced. But, the third gear times he was tried he was found guilty and sentenced life in prison in 1994. It took 31 year for Evers murderer to be convicted of a murder due to racism and discrimination. In addition, Evers was later honor when they named a college after him in Brooklyn, New York in 1969.

Portarait Painting

portraiture picture show. Horatio once said A picture is a poem without words . Really, a painting seat speak loudlythan thousand words. A painting is the most effective exhibition of hotshotsidea about a particular excogitation or material. A great painting en juicyes our experience of life, just as a great poem does, since great painters make us see and look a great deal more than the objects before us, they teach us to look at a scene through their eyes, their imagination. Itcan explain a story which will take several pages if it is explained inwords. Today Id like to draw your attention to portrait painting.At first, Im to precede the definition of this literary genre of painting, than Im to speak on three artists William Hogarth, Mary Cassat and Valentin Serov as the representatives of three different movements in portrait painting. As Britannica says Portrait paintingis agenreofpainting, where the intent is to depict the visual appearance of the pillow slip. Beside huma n beings, animals, pets and even inanimate objects can be chosen as the subject for a portrait. Portraitists create their work by commission, or atomic number 18 inspired by admiration or affection for the subject.Historically, portrait paintings have primarily memorialized the rich and powerful. Today, the portrait painting is still commissioned by governments, corporations, groups, clubs, and individuals. As you can know there are a lot of movements in painting in general and in portrait painting in particular. They range from realism to pop-art, but Im to single out realism, impressionism and modernism. The movement of realism is base on the exact reflection of human face and body. Clear and exact lines, realistic colours are typical of it. The representative of this movement is William Hogarth.He is considered even one of the founders of realistic movement in Britain. Hogarth emerged as an importantportraitist, producing several impressive small-scale informal group portraits of members of a family or friends and a number of highly sensitive portraits of individual sitters. The example of realistic style is expressed in the painting The Shrimp Girl. It was painted around 174045. The painting, a relatively late work by Hogarth, is one of several in which he experimented with a loose, almostimpressionistic style, nevertheless even in this portrait the painter tried to find the smasher in real life and its reflection.The painting depicts a woman selling shellfish on the streets of London, typically a job for the wives and daughters of fishmongers. One of the brightest movements of portrait painting is impressionism, characterized by loose and broad strokes, diffused lines and even the distortion of human body. The wonderful representative is Mary Cassatt. She was a wonderful American painter and her come in in the history of American art is unique, because she responded in a very distinctive centering to the mandate to portray modern life.Cassatt create d a personal wording out of the grammar of Impressionism. Most often, she portrayed women like herself, e. g. Miss Mary Ellison is the second of two portraits of Mary Ellison, which was created in 1880. Cassatt there concentrates on Miss Ellisons contemplative mood. In this painting, Cassatts brushwork is open and sketchy, colours are soft and even merge. The mirror behind Ellison is a device the artist used often its presence allows the enlargement of the stems implied space to include areas that the viewer could not otherwise see.The last movement Id like to mention is modernism. It appeared on the basis of impressionism, and even if strokes are broad and strong, lines are clear and human face and body are reflected almost exactly. In general, modernists embellish () the image. Valentin Serov is a famous representative if the movement. In fact, in his style of painting there was his classical technique when one precise stroke of brush was applied without further reworking. Sero v is seen as the first Russian modernist, and his composition Girl with Peaches(1887) initiated the style of Russia.In the painting Serov pieces together fragments of the interior scene and still-life. The light pours in through the window and dissolves the contours of the objects. Serov uses warm tones for the girl which in some way contrasts with the colder tones of the space. The girl is painted almost exactly in clear lines and good proportions. To conclude the topic Id like to say that different movements in portrait painting are the result of painters views on art, painting. Their style always reflects their epoch and predominant movements in other spheres. But paintings in any genre excite and impress.

Inventory System for Gamot Publiko Drugstore Document Essay

1.1Background of the StudyIt has been disclosed during the interview that Gamot Publiko Drugstore needs a computerized arsenal organization. The confederacys current enrolment monitory system though works for them has to automate. A simplified computerized account system will be very helpful to the company since this will expedite its inventory workflow as well as generate very timely reports needed by the management for its evaluation and review and overall decision making. An inventory mark off system is a process for managing and locating objects or materials. In common usage, the term may also refer to just the software components.Modern inventory control systems often rely upon barcodes and RFID tags to provide automatic identification of inventory objects. In an academic study performed at Wal-Mart, RFID reduced Out of Stocks by 30 percent for products selling between 0.1 and 15 units a day. Inventory objects could include any kind of physical asset merchandise, consumabl es, fixed assets, circulating tools, library books, or capital equipment. Inventory Systems help companies with huge inventories to easily and accurately monitor their stocks. With the use of a database, information will be readily available to the substance abuser and can be easily updated without having to scroll through spreadsheets.1.2Statement of the ProblemAs business has grown rapidly , inventory monitoring becomes significant factor in managing overall business operation. The company had humble beginnings in terms of gross revenue. From a few easy to handle flow of inventory stocks, the company had to handle immense volume of stocks due to sales demand. The stock cards used as inventory monitoring sheets , were transferred to MS excel type control sheets. As sales and purchase volume increased, sales returns and inventory claims were inevitable. The process of updating inventory files became slow .Though reports are generated, they were usually delayed. The need for timely inventory reports is necessary in assessing business performance . A more convenient, easy to monitor, easy to access inventory monitoring system will ease the problem on unaccounted inventory and delayed inventory reports.1.3 accusives of the Study1.3.1General ObjectiveTo develop a computerized inventory system for Gamot Publiko Drugstore that will make its inventory monitoring convenient, efficient and timely.1.3.2Specific ObjectiveTo develop a module that will automate the monitoring and updating of the companys inventory. To develop a module that will provide a timely and convenient report generation.1.4Significance of the StudyThe company currently maintains inventory level at three months of its sales requirements. Before the companys inventory turns low of its inventory level requirement, an set needs to be placed through a Purchase Order duly approved by the companys responsible approving officers. This Purchase Order is then sent to suppliers for acceptance and delivery. S ometimes, the company does bulk order as negotiated between the supplier for bigger discounts and low pricing. So far, the company has never encountered any problem among its supplier . Goods were so far been delivered in good condition and on time .1.5Scope and limitationFor the companyOur System would help the company to make easier to store and retrieve all the data file. I will allow the management to check and virtually monitor the data file transaction and status of their stock.For the userThis System lessens their time of work in checking and updating all the files and protecting of the files are include in this system so the user might open the file without concern of something happen to it.TransactionsStock OrderingA stock order simply means the ordering of new stock to refill the inventory, replenish shelves or when a large order has been made etc. The warehouse will be contacted and the delivery will be made.Customer PurchaseA Customer Purchase simply means that the cus tomer will buy what they indirect request or what they need in the company.

Satire and Social Criticism

The Enlightenment is a period in history that was characterized by diversity of advances in philosophy, science and medicine. The main bailiwick of the enlightenment was the belief that slew of the military personnel could actually make an effort to create a better world. In the process, the philosophers embraced different figurative tools to enlighten the people, and among these, banter stood out. Satire especially assumed the form of bitter, harsh criticism to hypocrisies, injustices and inhumane practices that characterized the society at the time.Candide by French philosopher Voltaire is a bizarrely humorous tale chronicling the adventures of a young man throughout the world, but the aspect that has made it generate so much interest is how it satirically challenges the social norms and optimism that characterized the age. First, Voltaire pokes fun at the shocking family by naming the barony Thunder-ten-tronckh, a silly set of words aimed at attacking the pride the barons fam ily have in their nobleman heritage. Voltaire is challenging natural superiority assumed by aristocrats.For example, the barons sister, despite being the mother of Candide, refused to marry his father merely because he had 71 noble lineages while she had 72 (Voltaire, 2008). The satire here manages to make the concern nobles had over lesser people look primitively absurd. Dr. Panglos (the name translates to all-tongue) belonged to the metaphysico-theologo-cosmolo-nigology school of thought. He often taught the young Candide the principles of his doctrine which upheld the belief that all things were created with a purpose, which is ultimately the best purpose (Voltaire, 2008).Voltaire uses Pangloss to parody the philosophers of the 17th century and before who debated topics of no put on to humanity. Voltaire most likely felt that the verbal acrobatics of these thinkers were so ridiculous and critics of this tale feel that he was lampooning the philosophies of Leibniz. Leibniz belie ved that a pre-meditated harmony existed in the world and that the world must be the best place ever since a perfect God had created it. Voltaire, on the other hand, is an opponent of this blind optimism on account of the tragedies that discomfit mankind.He uses the difficulties Candide has to endure and the Lisbon earthquake which claimed over 75 percent of the city despite a ritual which involved burning some people in a slow fire in order to prevent catastrophes like these having been conducted. The tragedies that Candide suffers in the hands of the Bulgarian army underline the cruelty and damage that existed within armies. Noblemen started war, and it was the common men serving in the battlefields that bore the full brunt of conflicts (Voltaire, 2008).While the people are suffering, clergymen hypocritically squabble over religious doctrines and busy more about converting people into their faith instead of tackling the wars, famines and oppression which plague the society. Man y satirists have developed a sense of satire that is more or less in line with the stances Voltaire adopted in his effort to reform the society. I choose to analyze the mundane Show hosted by Jon Stewart since 1999. Jon Stewart applies satire to send the social, political, and economical issues facing the American society in the present time.Among his themes are political tolerance and the extent to which current events affect the youth not but in America but also in the whole world (The occasional Show, 2007). The Daily Show has aired every Monday to Thursday since July 1996 on comedy Central and hosts a variety of political and celebrity figures with the aim of getting their opinion on current socio-political issues affecting the American society. Watching an episode of the Daily Show, I visualized Jon Stewart wanting his audience to approach current issues with pragmatism.I watched the episode in which he hosted 2008 republican presidential prognosis John McCain. McCain, as part of his presidential campaigns, had announced that he would make an appearance at Liberty institution, an institution founded by Jerry Falwell who McCain had earlier denounced as an agent of intolerance (The Daily Show, 2007). Stewart rightfully identified the hypocrisy of the appearance knowing that it was in direct opposition of the principles McCain so often preached. It was an attempt to just secure votes against the values the candidate had preached all along.Jon Stewarts show assumes that that any political leader should stand his ground and stick to his or her beliefs with regard to the issues that affect the society (The Daily Show, 2007), disaster to which he or she would be drifting into madness. Desperate attempts to win over public support in policy issues should be based on conviction rather than on hysteria as stirred by those seeking political office. Stewart wanted the society to see people for what they really were, as a strategy to establishing a just system, rather than the instantaneous stances they adopt when the need arises.

Sea change and kathryn dell barton

Composers use distinctly opthalmic images to visualize and allow us to understand the jounce of human experiences. Deborah Cox used visual Imagery in the television series Sea Change to create an effective message about human experiences this Is also amplified In Cell block tannic composed by Rob Marshall and Kathy del Barons artwork You be what Is most beautiful about me. Paragraph 1 In the sea change chronological sequence not such great expectations Debt Cox skillfully uses visual images as a powerful medium to convey truths about human expectations.She invitingly reveals that individuals conduct experiences may be in conflict with those of others, due to different values. This is evident in the father and son relationship that Bob and Craig Jelly have. Bob is initially presented as a pushy, arrogant and selfish real estate agent who wished that his son will follow in his footsteps and have the same career as himself. This is evident in the effective use off medium tracking s hot in the scene where Bob and Craig Jelly are dressed in identical vibrant red real estate blazers as they walk across the headland gazing down upon the natural beauty ofPearl Bay. However, bob Jelly is challenged to assess his values when the Imagery suggests that he expects his son to follow In his footsteps and become a real estate agent. Bob insufficiencys to transform Craig Into a clone of himself. This Is exhibit through Coxs skilful use of a medium shot in the scene where Bob is standing behind Craig (whose facial expressions suggests he is listening intently to Bobs words of wisdom) while Bob gazes off into the distance absorbed by his own apparent wisdom.Cox highlights the growth in Craig Jelly by demonstrating that he as learned that following in his fathers footsteps would be the best opportunity for him. Link to question In this episode Debt Cox allows us to visualize and understand the impact of human experiences. Bob Jelly Is trying to put his son on the right trac k and get him the best job In the family real estate. Relating to this our parents want us also to get the best Job opportunity. Link to next paragraph The theme of relationships between children and their parents Is also experienced In the artwork you are what is most beautiful about me painted by return of 2Kathy dingle Barton. Paragraph 2 The artwork illustrates a painted self portrait of Kathy Dell Barton with her 2 children painted in the foreground. The painting includes larger colorful flowers and vines entwined between the 3. This gives the viewer an insight that through life the impact of becoming a mother can have a dizzying effect on human experiences. This is seen through the use of plants, flowers and aslope lines running throughout the painting. Barton uses symbolism through the green colored lines, plants and flowers.This suggests new life and that motherhood Is an act of nature, it is natural. In this painting Kathy Dell Barton demonstrates that everybody comes to gether as one In a family exactly each piece Is still In Individual. The representation of the large eyes explores that the three are very alike, but with different eye colors the three are individuals but are all cohesive. Link to question in a human experience. With Kathy in the background of the image it suggests she is putting her children first, putting there needs ahead. besides like our parents would for us.

Arthur Miller Essay

The Crucible was written in 1952 by the generator Arthur Miller. It is a story of witch-hunts which occurred a lot during the 1950s. Through reveal the play, Arthur Miller has talked about characters facing severe tests that vex made them question their own self. It shows the extreme surprising occurrences which were often being caused by what they thought was the razz or his cohorts. The inscrutable sickness fears of witchcraft were happening and it was non long before the girls, and many residents began to bill other villagers of associating themselves with devils and casting spells.Old grudges and jealousies spilled out into the open, making the atmosphere very tense. A lot of the residents were either forced to give in and live or lie and be put to death by being hanged. In some sense, The Crucible has the arrangement of a tragedy, With can buoy monitor lizard as the plays tragic hero. John monitor is an honest, upright, blunt-spoken person, however he is a very good ma n. The inglorious flaw of him is the lust for Abigail Williams which led to an affair (this happened before the play begins).This caused jealousy of his wife, Elizabeth, which sets the entire witch caricature within the community in motion. Of all the major characters throughout the play, Abigail is the least complicated. She is sort of the villain in the play. She key outs lies, manipulates her own friends and the entire town to her favour. Eventually she sends nineteen innocent people to their deaths due to the lies she tells and the way she manipulated people.Among the witch-hunt mania, Abigails motives never seem more complex than just jealousy and the desire to have revenge on Elizabeth Proctor. In the play, Abigail seems to be like a biblical character, like a Jezebel figure, always being dictated by a sexual desire and a lust for power. In the first chapter, the audience lease about the affair associated with Abigail and Proctor. We learn that they have had an affair, ho wever the audience soon see that the affair is no longer continuing. Abigail Give me a word, John. A soft word.(Her concentrated desire destroys his smile. ), Proctor No, no, Abby. Thats make with. . He reacts negatively, he denies her, and he is repulsed. He is trying to put the fornication in the past. Proctor Abby, I might think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut my hand sullen before Ill ever reach for you again. Wipe it out of listen. We never touched, Abby, he tries to put his adultery in the past. He tells her that he never touched her, even though he did, and he makes it acquit that It will never happen again.Throughout the monologue with Proctor and Abigail, the attitude and mood soon shifts because Proctor wants to leave the affair in the past, and wipe it out of mind, like it never happened. Wipe it out of mind. However Abigail wants to carry on with the sexual desire to carry on the affair with Proctor. At the get of the monologue he tries to set her f irmly out of his path, however later he gets angry and she throw outt believe it. Abigail soon gets quite angry as well, and this part of the play expresses the exasperation surrounded by both of them Abigail (With a flash of anger) How do you call me child During Act 1, it seems as though Abigail wants John Proctor Abigail (grasping his hand before he can release her) John I am waitin for you all(prenominal) night, however as the John Proctor and her keep talking there is a change in her mood because he is not giving into her sexual desire for him. Now her mood changes into anger and jealousy Abigail (With a bitter anger) Oh, I marvel how such a strong man may let such a sickly wife be-, here she becomes really jealous that he wint give into her due to the fact that he loves Elizabeth, and Elizabeth is his wife.The stage directions that Arthur Miller uses in the play tell the reader a lot about the character. When Abigail is qualifying on about the affair between her and Pr octor the stage directions are beneficial. Abigail (grasping his hand before he can release her) John I am waitin for you every night, this instantly helps the reader visualise the character and will aid the an actor that is execute the play, whilst playing the role to act more effectively. Arthur Miller also uses the language as a welfare for the effective of the play, Miller uses language to effectively set the period and the tone for the play.The language brings an start out of something out of the King James Bible, but somehow makes it universal to modern day, and the stage directions being out an approach of making the play more effective to both the actors and the audience. In court, Proctor has an outburst of truth and dishonour on Abigail. Abigails reaction to this, is that he is lying about what he is saying, she tries to manipulate the court way into believing what she is saying. Abigail Mr Danforth, he is lying, later on, she then makes it up that she is seeing a ras pberry bush up on the ceiling, and she gets the rest of the girls to go with her lying, to make it look as though there is witchcraft going on right before there eyes. Abigail, with a weird, chilling cry, screams up to the ceiling, Abigail (unperturbed, continuing to the bird) Oh, Mary, this is a black art to change your shape. No, I cannot, I cannot stop my mouth its deitys work I do. Here is where she really starts to manipulate people, and lie. The language that Proctor uses to describe himself is not like his prideful ways.

The Relationship Of Feminism And Anthropology Anthropology Essay

The relationship of womens liberation movement and anthropology house convey a new development to the manner descriptive anthropologies are written and d cardinal. Lila Abu-Lughod s tale womens right-wing descriptive anthropology is an ethnography with openhanded fe viriles at the Centre written for heavy(a) females by adult females can be seen as an attempt to happen a distinguishable manner of do and composing descriptive anthropology. In this essay I will look at the roots of womens lib and womens liberationist anthropology. I will so discourse Abu-Lughod s statement and seek to explicate how her statement is cheeseparing to anthropology and whether it is possible to support research her manner. I will secondly look at the advantages and disadvantages of the statement. I will concentrate on impressions of jumpial individuality and objectiveness. Finally, I will debate by discoursing slightly of the turn offs environing the authorization of adult females, and that a lthough Abu-Lughod s statement does hold some benefits it misses the of import point. I will reason that feminist descriptive anthropology should be used as a political tool for deprived adult females and it should reflect a corporate, dialectical procedure of edifice theory through battles for alteration ( Enslin1994545 ) .Feminism can be defined as both a societal motion and a position on society. As a societal motion, it has challenged the historical subordination of adult females and advocated political, societal, and economic equality between the sex activityes. As a societal and sociological position, it has examined the functions that sex and gender drama in structuring society, every bit good as the mutual function that society dramas in structuring sex and gender ( Oxford dictionary 2007 ) . There are three chief classs in which the different moving ridges of feminism can be divided. Among the first one which was from 1850 to 1920, during this period most research was carried out by action forces. Feminists aimed to convey the voice of adult females in descriptive anthropology, they gave a different angle on experiences of adult females and the environing events. This brought a new angle because male descriptive anthropologies merely had the chance to interview other institute forces e.g. what were adult females like. Important figures during this period were P.Kayberry who nominateed with B.Malinowski at LSE. She focused on faith but she examined influence forces and adult females in her work.Traveling on to the second moving ridge of which was from 1920s to 1980s, here the separation between sex and gender was make by of import womens rightists. Sexual activity as nature and gender as subtlety. This takes us to the nature civilization duality which is of import when we are concentrating on the subordination of adult females in different societies. The dualities between sex/gender, work/home, men/women, and nature/culture are of import in s ocietal theory for aggrandisement arguments. Important figures in the 2nd moving ridge feminism were Margaret Mead she made a batch of part in her work on the diverseness of civilizations here she helped to breakdown the prejudice that was based on constructs of what is natural, and she be sick more accent on civilization in people s development. Most of import work s of Mead was Coming of Age in Samoa ( 1928 ) . Another of import figure was Eleanor Leacock who was a Marxist feminist anthropologist. She focused on catholicity of female subordination and argued against this claim.This 2nd moving ridge of feminism was influenced by a figure of events in history, the 1960s was closely linked to political agitation in europium and North America, like the anti-Vietnam war motion and the civil rights motion. Feminism was something that grew out of these political events during the sixtiess. Feminism argued that political relations and cognition were closely linked with each other so wo mens rightists were concerned with cognition and we amaze to oppugn the cognition that was being given to us. Feminism during 1960s called for the constitution of adult females s authorship, universities, feminist sociology and a feminist political order which would be classless.Feminists became interested in anthropology, because they looked to ethnography as a beginning of information about whether adult females were being dominated everyplace by work forces. What are some of the ways that adult females are populating different societies, was there grounds of equality between work forces and adult females. Did matriarchal societies of all time exist and to acquire the replies to such inquiries they turned to ethnography.This takes us to the issue of descriptive anthropology and what we understand about adult females in different societies. It became obvious that traditional ethnographic work ignored adult females. Some of the issues environing adult females are ethnograhies did non declare about adult females s universes, it did non speak about what went on in adult females s lives, what they thought and what their functions were. When we discuss the inquiry are adult females truly subordinated, we realize that we do non cognize much about adult females in different societies. B.Malinowski s work on the Kula did discourse the male function in the exchange of valuables. But during the 1970s Anette Weiner ( 1983 ) went to give out the same society and she found out adult females are playing an of import function in Trobriand society excessively. Their involved with the Kula, exchanges, rites etc but Malinowski neer wrote about it. Female anthropologists of the seventiess would travel and look for of import work forces, and so they would analyze their values, their societies, what was of import to them. These anthropologists assumed, that work forces followed male logics in this public/private divide in line with this divide between the domestic and public sphere. They would besides presume that what went on in the populace sphere, economic system, political relations was more of import the domestic side.The construct of objectiveness came to be regarded as a manner of male power. Feminists claimed that scientific ideals of catholicity, eternity, and objectiveness were inherently male-dominated and that the more feminist properties of particularism, empathy and emotionalism were debauched ( Abu-Lughod 1990 ) . Feminists argued that to take over male domination these female properties had to be given more importance and made clear. Abu-Lughod s ideal manner of making research is when a female ethnographer takes portion in the descriptive anthropology, instead so taking herself, who listens to other adult females s voice and gives histories ( Abu-Lughod 1990 ) . The female ethnographer is able to make so because although the adult females studied differ from the ethnographer, she portions portion of the individuality of her source. Th e female research worker then has the appropriate tools to understand the other adult female s life ( Abu-Lughod 1990 ) . this is why harmonizing to Abu-Lughod female descriptive anthropology should be an descriptive anthropology with adult females at the Centre written by and for adult females. Abu-Lughod says that early womens rightist anthropologists did non truly make anything about cognition. They had good purposes but they did nt make much as they were trapped in ways of thought that had been given to them by the masculine nature of the academy.

Aristo Book 5 experiment answer Essay

HKDSE CHEMISTRY A Modern View (Chemistry) investigate Workbook 5Suggested answersChapter 52 Importance of industrial processesChapter 53 Rate comparabilityExperiment 53.1 Determining the browse equation of a chemical re profession victimization method of initial deem (A microscale taste) 1Chapter 54 energizing energyExperiment 54.1 Determining the activation energy of a chemical reaction 3Chapter 55 Catalysis and industrial processesExperiment 55.1 offerfulvas the action of a atom smasher6Experiment 55.2 Investigating homogeneous catalysis8Experiment 55.3Investigating ways to stir the rate of a reaction with a suitable throttle 9Experiment 55.3 Sample laboratory report13Experiment 55.4Preparing ethyl alcohol by fermentation16Chapter 56 Industrial processesChapter 57 Green chemistry for industrial processesChapter 53Rate equationExperiment 53.1Determining the rate equation of a reaction using method of initial rate (A microscale experiment)7. and 11.(a) wellspring numb er12345678 telephone number of drops of 0.5 M Na2S2O3(aq)109876543 measure, t (s)14.215.817.820.423.828.635.747.6(s1)0.0700.0630.0560.0490.0420.0350.0280.02110. and 12.(a)Well number12345678Number of drops of 1.0 M H2SO4(aq)109876543Time, t (s)59.459.760.060.759.960.061.060.5(s1)0.0170.0170.0170.0160.0170.0170.0160.01711.(a)inversely(b)(c)112.(b)0(c)From the results in Table 53.2, the readings of sequence atomic number 18 close, indicating that the reaction is of zeroth order with respect to H+(aq).13.Rate = kS2O32(aq)14.S2O32(aq) + 2H+(aq) S(s) + SO2(g) + H2O(l)15.In this experiment, the time for the formation of a fixed, solely small agreeity of indissoluble sulphur precipitate is measured. The shorter the time, the fast is the reaction. It is assumed that the extent of reaction is still small when the time is recorded, so that the time recorded can be used as a measurement of initial rate of the reaction. Chapter 54Activation EnergyExperiment 54.1Determining the activation energy of a chemical reaction5.Temperature of the reaction mixture (C)1525354555Time for the appearance of gloomful blue colour (s)679(at 11C)232(at 27C)112(at 37C)80(at 43C)33(at 56C)6.(a)rate constant activation energy Universal gas constant temperature(b) record ()2.832.372.051.901.523.523.333.233.163.04(c)(d)2750(e)slope = 2750 =Ea = 2750 2.3 8.314 J mol1= 52 586 J mol1= 52.6 kJ mol17.Arrhenius equation log k = log A8.straight line9.S2O82(aq) + 2I(aq) 2SO42(aq) + I2(aq)10.To monitor the formation of iodine from the reaction of S2O82(aq) ions and I(aq) ions.11.When all S2O82(aq) ions have reacted, any iodine formed entrust turn the starch resoluteness swart blue. The time for this colour change is a measure of the rate of reaction shown in question 9. (Note The reaction rate is inversely proportional to the time taken for the starch closure to turn dark blue.)12.The amount of reactants used in each experiment may not be exactly the similar.There may be an error in me asurement or reading the temperatures from the thermometers.As the colour change of the ascendant mixture is not a sudden one, especially at low temperatures, there may be an error in recording the time of colour change.Chapter 55Catalysis and industrial processesExperiment 55.1Investigating the action of catalyst1.(b)No.5.(b)Time (s)102030405060Volume of O2(g) released (cm3), with the entree of 0.5 g MnO2(s) 306085959696Time (s)708090 vitamin C110120Volume of O2(g) released (cm3), with the addition of 0.5 g MnO2(s) 966.(b)Time (s)102030405060Volume of O2(g) released (cm3), with the addition of 1.5 g MnO2(s) 7090959696Time (s)708090100110120Volume of O2(g) released (cm3), with the addition of 1.5 g MnO2(s)8.9.Manganese(IV) oxideMnO2(s)10.2H2O2(aq) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)11.(a)The addition of manganese(IV) oxide greatly increases the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.(b)(i)The initial rate of reaction is higher.(ii)The total time of reaction is shorter. (Note increasing the amoun t of catalyst would increase the reaction rate.)(c)No.12.Add more H2O2(aq) to the reaction mixture, fast effervescence shows that manganese(IV) oxide has not been used up in the reaction. The catalytic property of manganese(IV) oxide is still present. Experiment 55.2Investigating homogeneous catalysis5.Mixture y.It has a characteristic sweet smell like certain glues or pillory polish removers.6.ethyl ethanoate concentrated sulphuric acid7.CH3COOH(l) + CH3CH2OH(l) CH3COOCH2CH3(l) + H2O(l)8.Homogeneous catalyst. This is because all species are in the same manikin in the reaction, i.e. the liquid phase.9.Sodium carbonate solution reacts with any unreacted ethanoic acid left in the reaction mixture. The loaded vinegar smell of ethanoic acid is thus removed. The salt atomic number 11 ethanoate formed has no smell. Besides, the ester is insoluble in water and floats on the water surface. This makes us easier to detect the smell of ester. Experiment 55.3Investigating ways to change t he rate of a reaction with a suitable catalyst1.ApparatusSafety spectaclesProtective glovesconic flask (100 cm3)5 measuring cylinders (10 cm3)Dropper stop watchBoiling furnishWhite tileChemicals ammonium ion peroxodisulphate solution (0.020 M)Potassium iodide solution (0.50 M)Sodium thiosulphate solution (0.010 M)0.2% starch solutionIron(II) chloride solution (0.010 M)Distilled water2.What you will keep constant(Controlled variable)What you will change(Independent variable)What you will measure(Dependent variable) raft of ammonium peroxodisulphate solutionvolume of potassium iodide solutionvolume of sodium thiosulphate solutionamount of 0.2% starch solutionwith or without using iron(II) solutionthe time for the appearance of the dark blue colour3.Figure 14.(1)Using a measuring cylinder, add 10 cm3 of ammonium peroxodisulphate solution to a conelike flask. (2)Using different measuring cylinders, add 5 cm3 of potassium iodide solution, 5 cm3 of sodium thiosulphate solution, 1cm3 of iron(II) chloride solution and 2.5 cm3 of starch solution to a boiling tube. (3)Pour the content in the boiling tube into the conical flask. (4)Immediately start the stopwatch.(5)When a dark blue colour of the starch-iodine multifactorial appears in the solution, stop the stopwatch. (6)Record the time for the appearance of the dark blue colour in Table 1. (7)Repeat stairs (1) to (6), but replace iron(II) chloride solution with 1 cm3 of distilled water.5.Risk assessment form6.Time for the appearance of the dark blue colourWith Fe2+(aq) ions (as a catalyst) added59 sWithout any catalyst added3 mins and 52 sTable 17.The reaction involves the collision of two negatively charged ions, S2O82(aq) ions and I(aq) ions, which actually fight off each other.8.S2O82(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq) 2SO42(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq)2Fe3+(aq) + 2I(aq) 2Fe2+(aq) + I2(aq)9.Referring to the two equations in question 8, the S2O82(aq) ions oxidize the Fe2+(aq) ions to Fe3+(aq) ions. At the same time, the S2O82(aq) ions are re duced to SO42(aq) ions. The Fe3+(aq) ions are strong oxidizing agents that oxidize I(aq) ions to I2(aq). At the same time, Fe3+(aq) ions are reduced back to Fe2+(aq) ions (i.e. the catalyst is regenerated). some(prenominal) the equations shown in question 8 involve the collision between positive and negative ions. This will be much more likely to be successfulthan the collision between two negative ions in the uncatalysed reaction. Thus, the activation energy of this pathway will be lower and the reaction rate will alike be higher.10.The chemical reaction can be speeded up by the addition of iron(II) ions, which act as a homogeneous catalyst of this reaction.11.It can be regenerated after the reaction. OR It is specific in action. OR A small amount of catalyst is usually enough for the catalytic action.12.Homogeneous catalyst is one which has the same phase as the reactants and products. Sample laboratory reportTitle Investigating ways to change the rate of a reaction with a suitab le catalystObjectiveTo design and carry out an experiment to investigate ways to change the rate of a reaction by the use of a suitable catalyst.Apparatus and materialsSafety spectaclesProtective glovesConical flask (100 cm3)5 measuring cylinders (10 cm3)DropperStopwatchBoiling tubeWhite tileAmmonium peroxodisulphate solution (0.020 M)Potassium iodide solution (0.50 M)Sodium thiosulphate solution (0.010 M)0.2% starch solutionIron(II) chloride solution (0.010 M)Distilled waterChemical reactions involvedS2O82(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq) 2SO42(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq)2Fe3+(aq) + 2I(aq) 2Fe2+(aq) + I2(aq)Procedure1.Using a measuring cylinder, 10 cm3 of ammonium peroxodisulphate solution was added to a conical flask. 2.Using different measuring cylinders, 5 cm3 of potassium iodide solution, 5 cm3 of sodium thiosulphate solution, 1 cm3 of iron(II) chloride solution and 2.5 cm3 of starch solution were added to a boiling tube. 3.The contents in the boiling tube were poured into the conical flask. 4.The stopw atch was started immediately.5.When a dark blue colour of the starch-iodine complex appeared in the solution, the stopwatch was stopped. 6.The time for the appearance of the dark blue colour was recorded in Table 1. 7.Steps (1) to (6) were repeated, but iron(II) chloride solution was replaced with 1 cm3 of distilled water.ResultsTime for the appearance of the dark blue colourWith Fe2+(aq) ions (as a catalyst) added59 sWithout any catalyst added3 mins and 52 sTable 1After mixing all the chemicals in the conical flask, the reaction mixture with Fe2+(aq) ions will take a shorter time for the dark blue colour to appear.depth psychology1. In the absence of Fe2+(aq) ions, the reaction between S2O82(aq) ions and I(aq) ions is slow. As both reactant ions are negatively charged, they lean to repel each other. However, when Fe2+(aq) ions are added, thereaction becomes faster. Fe2+(aq) ions have the same phase (i.e. aqueous phase) as the reactants and products, so they are homogeneous catalys t of this reaction. 2. Fe2+(aq) ions is a reducing agent which can reduce S2O82(aq) ions to SO42(aq) ions. The Fe3+(aq) ions formed act as an oxidizing agent, which oxidize I(aq) ions to I2(aq) ions and regenerate Fe2+(aq) ions again. Being a catalyst, Fe2+(aq) ions are not consumed in the catalytic process.Discussion1.Either Fe2+(aq) ions are Fe3+(aq) ions is a good choice of catalyst for this reaction because the interconversion between Fe2+ and Fe3+ facilitates the reaction between S2O82(aq) ions and I(aq) ions to occur. 2.The catalytic property of Fe2+(aq) ions may be due to the fact that it is easier for the negatively charged S2O82(aq) ions to appeal the positively charged Fe2+(aq) ions. The same is true when the positively charged Fe3+(aq) ions formed can approach the negatively charged I(aq) ions easier. 3.The experiment is just a simple test tube experiment but the result (colour change) is quite obvious and easy to detect.ConclusionThe chemical reaction can be speeded up by the addition of Fe2+(aq) ions, which act as a homogeneous catalyst of this reaction.Answers to questions for further thought11.It can be regenerated after the reaction. OR It is specific in action. OR A small amount of catalyst is usually enough for the catalytic action.12.Homogeneous catalyst is one which has the same phase as the reactants and products. Experiment 55.4Preparing ethanol by fermentation3.(b)Glucose solutionwith yeastGlucose solutionwithout yeastAppearance of the glucose solutiona blanch brown faulta clear solutionObservations in the limewaterclear and neutralclear and colourless6.(d)Acidified potassium dichromate solution changes colour from orange to green.(f)No colour change for the acidified potassium dichromate solution.7.Glucose solutionwith yeastGlucose solutionwithout yeastAppearance of the glucose solutioncloudy a pale brown suspensionclear, no visible changeObservations in the limewatermilkyremains clear and colourlessSmell of the glucose solutiona sm ell of alcoholno characteristic smell8.catalyst9.ethanol carbon dioxide10.The solution turns milky. It indicates that carbon dioxide is produced during fermentation.11.In the heading of yeast, glucose is converted to ethanol. The presence of ethanol is indicated by the colour change of the reaction with acidified potassium dichromate solution. fermentation alcohol is a reducing agent. It reduces dichromate ions to chromium(III) ions.

Computer †Aided Instruction Essay

A self-learning proficiency, usually offline/online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials.Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is an interactive instructional technique whereby a computer is used to present the instructional material and monitor the learning that takes place.CAI uses a faction of text, graphics, sound and video in enhancing the learning process. The computer has many purposes in the classroom, and it can be utilize to help a student in all cranial orbits of the curriculum.CAI refers to the use of the computer as a cock to facilitate and improve instruction. CAI programs use tutorials, drill and form, simulation, and problem solving approaches to present topics, and they test the students understanding.Typical CAI go aways1. text or multimedia content2. multiple-choice questions3. problems4. immediate feedback5. notes on incorrect responses6. summarizes students implementation7. exercises for practice8. Worksheets and test s.Types of Computer Assisted Instruction1. Drill-and-practice Drill and practice provide opportunities or students to repeatedly practice the skills that have previously been presented and that further practice is necessary for mastery. 2. Tutorial Tutorial activity includes both the intromission of information and its extension into different forms of work, including drill and practice, games and simulation. 3. Games Game software often creates a contest to chance upon the highest score and either beat others or beat the computer. 4. Simulation Simulation software can provide an approximation of reality that does not require the expense of real life or its risks. 5. husking Discovery approach provides a large database of information detail to a course or content area and challenges the learner to analyze, compare, infer and evaluate based on their explorations of the data. 6. Problem Solving This approach helps children develop specific problem solving skills and strategies.Ad vantages of CAI one-to-one interaction great motivator freedom to experiment with different options instantaneous response/immediate feedback to the answers elicited Self pacing allow students to proceed at their own one thousand Helps teacher can devote more time to individual students Privacy helps the shy and slow learner to learns Individual attention learn more and more rapidly multimedia helps to understand difficult concepts with multi sensory approach self directed learning students can decide when, where, and what to learn

Customer Perception on Fmcg Products in Rural Market

MODULE-I 1. 1. INTRODUCTION TO counterfeit PRODUCTS A bucolic consumer is flaw loyal and this likewise compels it easy to sell look-alike Mr. R. V. Rajan, CMD, Anuragh Fake proceedss be of two pillowcases one counterfeit productions and two pass-off products. Counterfeit products ar player products that bear identical realise of product/ furtherance/graphics/colour scheme and even same name and address as the genuine manuf forgeurer.Someone produces these to look exactly like real products former(a) than the wakeless owner of the real products, trademarks and product publicity. Some judgment of convictions it is becoming much and more ambitious to tell which is the realPonds talcum powder and Clinic accession shampoo from the warp products. Pass-off products phthisis similar sounding or argon similar in spell(for example Luk for Lux,510 for 501, Saveena for Sabeena,Sun Max or Super Master. They use similar type of packaging or color or headings. They mus ter out with the motive of mis booster cable and cheating public consumers who atomic number 18 uneducated or in a hurry in purchasing products.A have conducted by AC Nielson, a research performance reveals that FMCG industry loses around 2500 crores annually to counterfeits and pass-off products. According to Ashok Chhabra, Executive theater director, P&G the delusive products ar affecting the sales of ahead(p) brands to the extent of 20 to 30 percent. some other youthful survey conducted by AC Nielson reveals that top brands in India atomic number 18 estimated to lose up to 30 percent of their business to jook products. Besides the loss of revenue, the leading companies also face the loss in the damage to brand motion-picture show and brand loyalty of consumers.Laws Governing Following be the laws downstairs which legal action can be taken against manufacturers and sellers of keep in line products * Indian Penal Code 1860 * Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 * Preventi on of fodder Adulteration Act, 1954 * Consumer Protection Act, 1986 * Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 * Trademarks Act, 1999 The rude consumers by looking into the ads of leading chocolate companies unknowingly secure the fictitious chocolate brands because of their impulses. Hence, the researcher has conducted a survey in the bantam gloms in unpolished atomic number 18as to find out the fake chocolates available.List of Fake Chocolates/Toffees available in country-style areas * Dairy Milk nonchalant Milk * Kit KatKir Kat * Coffee sunburnCoffee Toffee * Mango BiteMango Ripe and mango bite * AasaiAasha * PoloRolo * Vicks Vibex It has been strand out that fake chocolates and toffees are available in more turn of events of petty shops for the leading brands. Strategies for Chocolate/Toffee Companies in homespun Marketing (to slay fake brands) * ProductWithout compromising on property, the leading chocolate companies can reduce their size to harmonize the pastoral demand. PricingAs the rural consumers are both(prenominal)ered most economy pricing the leading chocolate companies can follow the strategy of penetration pricing * Physical DistributionSales professionals of the local anesthetic region who contrive beaten(prenominal)ity in the local (regional) language can be appointed to look later the sales of rural areas, so that they can easily converse with the retailers and can build good depart. Fake brands follow in rural as well as urban locations. But the problem is more cutting in rural areas especially the deep pockets which are less accessible and muckle have really little knowledge about the original brands. Most people in rural India can bang alphabets but non complete words, so during a research, we strand a whole lot of samples of fake Clinic Plus shampoo sachets where the visual was similar to the original brand but the name was changed to Clinton as standard Clinton was to arrive soon in the country. During another such break, we equanimous about 99 variants of Fair& sweet cream including Fair&Lonely, Far & Lovely etc. , say Mr. Pradeep Kashyap, president, Rural Marketing Association of India (RMAI) and CEO, grocery while sharing an interesting incident in past.The Indian rural landscape being dissipate in smaller villages, gaining access in all of them is a tedious task for brands. Also, most of the FMCG brands have not been able to set up an efficient distribution network in such areas. The local entrepreneurs are well informed of these challenges. Hence, take advantage by manufacturing cheap substitutes of original brands, misleading the rural consumers. These manufacturers have an advantage of being local and thus reach the shops before the original brands do. Such counterfeits boorish back on huge grocery investment firming budgets of FMCG companies.The rural consumers are aware of the brand owing to ads broadcasted on radio & television channels. But on time of purchase, the con sumers tend to pick their fake counterparts due to inaccessibility of original product or get fooled by the retailers who on purpose sell cheap products for higher(prenominal) margins. Over the time the share of fake products in the FMCG market has grown to 10- 15% causing a deep hole in the pockets of the FMCG companies. A study conducted by AC Nielson, a research agency reveals that FMCG industry loses around 2500 crores annually to counterfeits and pass-off products.In another recent survey conducted by AC Nielson reveals that top brands in India are estimated to lose up to 30 percent of their business to fake products. Besides the loss of revenue, the leading companies also bear the damage to brand image and brand loyalty of consumers. On a whole, the brands not only suffer in terms of revenue but also have to compromise on the brand image which in no case can be tolerable. Therefore, various brands have come up with unique strategies to overcome their shortcomings in the rural markets and curb the growth of fake brands in rural areas.Companies like Coca-Cola have set up an elaborate system to curb the menace ofduplicate manufacturers, go incentives to swearers. It has 48 consumer response coordinators across the countries who workwith their teams and redress consumer complaints directly, including overcharging and spurious bottling. Besides, it has a large network of path salesmen who have a one-to-one relationship with the retailers on their beat and keep their ears to the ground. When they spot suspicious activity, they inform company officials.So though it is impossible to stop counterfeiters totally, it is possible to minimize the damage they cause. Upgrading the product packaging sporadically or launch product variants so that the manufacturers of counterfeits find it difficult to copy their products. Hindustan Lever has initiated special tamper-proof packs for its deodorant crop-dusting AXE, whose nozzle cant be detached from the body while Pro cter and pretend uses special labels for its Vicks Vapo Rub which does not peel off even if soaked overnight in water. This makes it difficult for spurious goods makers to imitate.Stopping the counterfeits market is a long exploit but its more important for companies to arrive at sensation among the consumers about the ill effects about such fake products and the hazards they pose. Geographic locations Rural consumer sort is also influenced by the geographic location of the consumers. For example, nearness to feeder towns and industrial projects influence the purchasing manner of consumers in the respective clusters of villages. We are discussing this aspect in detail in the section on market segmentation in rural markets.To cite one more example of how geographic location affects geting behavior, we can point out the fact that the lack of electricity in many rural households acts as a barrier to the purchase of certain consumer durables. Exposure to urban lifestyles Extent o f exposure of rural consumers to urban lifestyles also influences their barter foring behavior. An increased exposure and interaction with urban communities has been the trend in recent years. The office the consumer uses the products The situation in which the consumers utilize the product also influences their acquire.The example of lack of electricity affecting buying behavior illustrates this point as well. Lack of electricity automatically increases the purchase of batteries by rural consumers. Similarly, since rural consumers cannot use rinse powders/detergent powders that much, as they wash their clothes in streams or ponds, they go in more for washing bars and detergent cakes. Places of purchase Buying behavior of rural consumer also varies depending on the place of purchase. Different segments of rural buyers buy their requirements from disagreeent places/ sacks.Some buy from the village shopkeepers some from village markets/fairs others buy from the town that serves as the feeder to the rural area. It is also seen that the same buyer buys different requirements from different laces. For accord the buying behavior of the rural consumer correctly, the marketer must ask the question Where from do they buy the products and wherefore? Involvement of others in the purchase Involvement of others in the purchase in the purchase decision is up to now another relevant factor in this regard. There has been a change here in recent years.In the past, the head of the family use to make the purchase decision all by himself. In contrast, the involvement of the other members of the family in the purchase decision has been growing in recent years. An increase in literacy coupled with greater access to information has resulted in this development. The marketer has to reckon the role of the influencers while sizing up the buying behavior of rural consumers. Almost 15 per cent of consumer goods sales in India is estimated to be of fake products. In value terms, around Rs 15,000 crore.At an 18 per cent tax rate, the loss to the exchequer is Rs 2,700 crore. Despite efforts to curb counterfeiting of FMCGs, it the Great Compromiser rampant, especially in rural areas, where consumer awareness is low and the ability to track shipments is poor. This has prompted FMCG players to devise ways to act on units that manufacture these products. Emami, for instance, has a separate cell headed by an ex-assistant commissioner of police, whose job is to investigate leads provided by the in-house sales force on places where counterfeit products of its popular brands are made.Once these are identified, the team and local authorities raid these factories. On an honest, we do at least two to three raids per month, says Aditya Agarwal, director. Most companies are adopting this model of conducting raids with the helper of the local authorities. It works faster that way, says C K Ranganathan, chairman & managing director, CavinKare. Godrej Consumer Products Lt d managing director, Dalip Sehgal, rues Counterfeiting has not only led to a lower offtake in products in particular towns but also has an effect on our top grapevine and bottom line.GCPL has been facing pass-offs of many of its various products, such as Powder Hair dye, deo spray and their toilet soap brand, Godrej No. 1. The menace is spread across the country, notes Sehgal. Dabur India recently conducted raids across units in western hemisphere Bengal, Rajasthan and Ghaziabad involved in the production of Dabur lookalike products. The company had complained to local authorities and seized personal and healthcare products and medicines worth about Rs 2 crore. The company has mapped locations where these activities take place and is going after the spurious manufacturers systematically. Leads have been obtained on packaging and label suppliers as well, and Dabur India get out spare no efforts to get them all behind bars, said Dabur India Director P D Narang. The seized goods incl uded 50,000 labels of Dabur Gulabari, over 30,000 labels of Dabur Keora water and both filled and empty bottles of different sizes of Dabur Lal Danth Manjan, Honitus and spry Antacid. Hindustan Unilever (HUL) has had reports of 118 spurious varieties of their products, Fair and Lovely and Clinic Plus, available in the market. HUL says it has a three-pronged approach to address this.It includes, as a spokesperson, from the company puts it Creating awareness regarding the problem engaging with enforcement agencies on implementation and government bodies for changes in laws and actively pickings market action through raids and seizures. Tthe bigger the company, the larger is its spurious counterpart. To counter this, some companies have changed the packaging and design of their products at frequent intervals to make it difficult for counterfeiters to duplicate these easily. But, this is expensive, which makes conducting raids the most common pratice of dealing with the menace.Compani es also say most manufacturers of spurious products work in collusion with wholesalers and retailers who stock these, eventually pushing them to unsuspicious consumers, lured by the low price. The discount in price between the original and fake product is said to be 20-25 per cent. So, even as companies try getting manufacturers under their net, the distributor-retailer end is unaddressed. By some accounts, most 10 per cent of the retail universe in the country is dealing in spurious products. distribution OF jook joint PRODUCTS CONSUMER MANUFACTURE WHOLESALER IN BIG CITY WHOLE SALER IN SMALL town MOBILE TRADER VILLAGE RETAILERPETTY SHOP MODULE-II 2. 1. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY radical Objective * To study the consumers perception on fake brands in FMCG products. Secondary Objectives * To study the behavior of consumer towards fake products. * To study the awareness of fake brands. * To study the consumers opinion towards fake brands. * To study the pricing strategy of fake pro ducts in FMCG. * To study the distribution channels. 2. 2. pauperisation OF THE STUDY To study about the buying behavior for fake FMCG products in rural area, what type of fake brands are available in the rural market. To know about the awareness of fake product in rural customers.To know about the reason for not purchasing fake FMCG products. To study customers give immenseness to the price of the fake brands. To study the reason for preferring a particular brand. To study the alternative purchase intention if preferred brands not available. To know the mode of easy distribution of fake products. To know how the customers identify the fake brands. To know how the customer cheated with fake FMCG products. 2. 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design A research design is purely and simply the framework or plan for a study that guides the collection and analysis of info.The cogitation Research was used in this project, because consumers feedback was necessary for obtaining the entr opy. Hear descriptive type of research was followed. descriptive research includes surveys and fact finding enquiries of different kind. The purpose is description of the state of affairs as it exists at the typify. info starts There two types of data primitive and secondary. * The principal(a) data are those, which are cool a fresh and for the foremost time, and thus happen to be original in character. base selective information was collected with the help of questionnaire. The secondary data, on the hand are those which have already been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through the statistical process. The manners of collecting patriarchal and secondary data differ since Primary data are to be originally collected, while in case of secondary data the temper of data collection work is merely that of compilation. Secondary Data was obtained from journals, magazines, newspapers, reserve and the internet. Research legal instrument For doing th e survey research, Structured Questionnaire with both open-ended and closed-ended questions was used.Mode of Survey The mode of survey was questionnaire methods distributed directly to the people. Sample sizing A sample size of nose candy respondents is used for the study. Sample Technique Random sampling. Tools Used For Data Analysis The collected information has been processed both manually and with the help of computer. The statistical tool used in this study is simple percentage methods. Simple percentage analysis = Number of respondents/Total number of respondents? cytosine Sample Area A sample area is rural areas in Theni district. 2. 4. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The method of collecting Primary data has setup as questionnaire thus, the collection from the respondents made difficulty and response was not bad. * The place of research is rural areas in Theni district so collection of data can be done only randomly with the limited sample size of coke. * Many people are not abl e to understand the questionnaire because they are not well in English. * Some people were not aware of fake brands. * It takes too time to collect the questionnaire from the respondents. Some people not even know the gist of fake. MODULE-III 3. 1. REVIEW OF LITERATUREKhan N. A. , Building Competitiveness in Small-Scale and Rural Industries in India Icfai University diary of Rural care The signification of competitiveness in the rural selling was neglected for a long time in India, but now it is being recognized. Dr. N. Rajendhiran,Rural Marketing A Critical refresh Icfai University journal of Rural Management(2001) The success of a brand in the Indian rural market is as unpredic display board as rain. It has always been difficult to gauge the rural market. Many brands, which should have been successful, have failed miserably.More often than not, people attribute rural market success to luck Ramanathan V, Sudhamathi S, Brand Building Exercises Adopted by Life Insurance Co mpanies in Indian Rural Markets Icfai University Journal of Rural Management The very nature of economic activities of rural market extending the provision of quality access to financial solutions is vital for the development of people residing in rural areas. Dr. Venkatesh Tamlurkar, Assessing the Marketing for Rural India indianmba. com/facultycolumn/articles(2008) In many villages, one can see at once the alternate use of the products other than for their actual purpose.People in the state of Bihar feed the cattle with Horlicks as a health drink to fatten them Similarly, people in Punjab use washing machine not for washing clothes but to make frothy lassi in huge quantities Animals are rubbed with Iodex on their skins to relieve them from sizable pains after a days hard work. Paints meant for houses are used on the horns of cattle for easy designation and theft prevention. The Economic Times (2003), The rural market likes it strong the strength of rural markets for Indian comp anies.Financial express, June 19, 2000 has print the strategy about FMCG majors, HLL, Marico Industries, Colgate Palmolive have formula had for rural markets. The Marketing Mastermind (2003), Hindustan Lever rural marketing Initiatives by A Mukund Marketing Mastermind has given the perspectives in which HLL has approached towards rural markets. MODULE-IV information ANAYSIS ANAINTERPRETATION ANALYSIS OF entropy The term analysis refers to the computation of certain measures along with searching for patterns of relationship that exist among data groups.In the process of analysis, relationships or differences supporting or conflicting with original and new hypothesis should be subjected to statistical tests of significance to determine with what validity data can be said to indicate any conclusions. Analysis of data in general way involves number of closely related operations which are performed with the purpose of summarizing the collected data and organizing there in such a manne r that they should answer the research questions. INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA The task of drawing inferences from the collected facts after an analytical and or experimental study.In fact, it is a search for broader implication of research findings. The task of interpretation has two major aspects viz. * The effort to establish continuity in research through linking the results of a given study with those of another and * The establishment of some explanatory concept. In one sense interpretation is concerned with relationship with in the collected data, partially overlapping analysis. interpretation also extends beyond the data study to include the results of other research, theory and hypothesis. TABLE-1 AGE OF THE RESPONDENTSS. NO kinfolk NO OF RESPONDENTS lot 1 15-20 17 17% 2 21-25 28 28% 3 26-30 20 20% 4 Above 30 35 35% make out hundred hundred% mention Primary data The higher up prorogue explains 35% of the respondents gos to the year of 30Years and above age, 28% o f the respondents are under the course of 21 to 25years of age, 20% are under the age group of 26 years to 30years of age. It is found that volume 35% of the respondents perish to the fellowship of 30Years of age EXHIBIT-I AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS TABLE-2 GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS S.NO course of instruction NO OF RESPONDENTS destiny 1 Male 56 56% 2 Female 44 44% complete hundred cytosine% spring Primary data The above mesa explains 56% of the respondents belong tos to the kin of male, 44% of the respondents are belongs to the year of female. It is found that legal age 56% of the respondents belong to the folk of male. . EXHIBIT-2 GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS TABLE-3 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS S. NO grade NO OF RESPONDENTS persona 1 Below 8th 10 10% 2 9th-12th 28 28% 3 UG 45 45% 4 PG 17 17% add vitamin C ampere-second% commencement Primary data The above table explains 45% of the respondents belongs to the category of UG, 28% of the respondents are belo ngs to the category of 9th-12th, 17% are belongs to the category of PG as qualification. It is found that absolute bulk 45% of the respondents belong to the category of UG as qualification. EXHIBIT-3 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS TABLE-4 OCCUPATION OF THE RESPONDENTS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Business 25 25% 2 Employed 33 33% 3 Professional 26 26% 4 Housewife 16 16% TOTAL hundred degree Celsius% Source Primary dataThe above table explains 33% of the respondents belongs to the category of employed, 26% of the respondents are belongs the category of professional, 25% are belongs to the category of business, 16% are belongs to the category of housewife. It is found that majority 33% of the respondents belong to the category of employed. EXHIBIT-4 OCCUPATION OF THE RESPONDENTS TABLE-5 NUMBERS OF MEMBERS IN FAMILY OF THE RESPONDENTS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 2 members 1 1% 2 3 members 21 21% 3 4 members 39 39% 4 Above 4 39 39% TOT AL 100 100% Source Primary dataThe above table explains 39% of the respondents belongs to the category of 4 members and above members in the family, 21% of the respondents are belongs the category of 3 members in the family, 1% are belongs to the category of 2 members in the family. It is found that majority 39% of the respondents belong to the category of 4 members and above members in the family EXHIBIT-5 NUMBERS OF MEMBERS IN FAMILY OF THE RESPONDENTS TABLE-6 MONTHLY INCOME S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Below 3000 16 16% 2 3000-5000 21 21% 3 5000- ten thousand 30 30% 4 Above ten thousand 33 33% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 33% of the respondents belongs to the category of above 10000 as income of the family, 30% of the respondents are belongs to the category of 5000-10000, 21% are belongs to the category of 3000-5000, 16% of the respondents are belongs to the category of below 3000 as income of the family. It is found that majority 45% of the respondents belong to the category of above 10000 as income of the family. EXHIBIT-6 MONTHLY INCOME TABLE-7 TYPE OF THE FAMILY OF THE RESPONDENTS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE Joint 58 58% 2 Nuclear 42 42% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 58% of the respondents belongs to the category of mutual type of the family, 42% of the respondents are belongs to the category of nuclear type of family. It is found that majority 58% of the respondents belong to the category of joint type of the family EXHIBIT-7 TYPE OF THE FAMILY OF THE RESPONDENTS TABLE-8 false PRODUCTS AVAILABLE IN THE market place S. NO CAYEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Chocolate 18 18% 2 Cosmetics 40 40% 3 Detergents 22 22% 4 Others 20 20% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 40% of the respondents belongs to the category of cosmetics, 22% of the respondents are belongs to the category of detergents, 20% are belongs to the category of oth ers, 18% of the respondents are belongs to the category of chocolate. It is found that majority 40% of the respondents belong to the category of cosmetics. EXHIBIT-8 imitation PRODUCTS AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET TABLE-9 light up BRANDED FMCG PRODUCTS IN THE AREA S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Yes 83 83% 2 No 17 17% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary dataThe above table explains 83% of the respondents are telling top branded FMCG products are available in the market, 17% of the respondents are not telling top branded FMCG products are available in the market. It is found that majority 83% of the respondents are telling top branded FMCG products are available in the market. EXHIBIT-9 TOP BRANDED FMCG PRODUCTS IN THE AREA TABLE-10 recitation OF FAKE BRANDS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Yes 39 39% 2 No 61 61% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 61% of the respondents are not using fake brands , 39% of the respondents are using fak e brands.It is found that majority 61% of the respondents are using fake brands. EXHIBIT-10 economic consumption OF FAKE BRANDS TABLE-11 handiness OF FAKE PRODUCTS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Retail outlet 26 26% 2 Petty shop 65 65% 3 Departmental store 9 9% 4 Super market 0 0 TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 65% of the respondents belongs to the category of petty shop, 26% of the respondents are belongs to the category of retail outlet, 9% are belongs to the category of departmental store, 0% of the respondents are not buy any products in super market.It is found that majority 65% of the respondents belong to the category of petty shop. EXHIBIT-11 AVAILABILITY OF FAKE PRODUCTS TABLE-12 customer INFLUENCE TO CHOOSE THE FAKE BRANDS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Quality 33 33% 2 Price 35 35% 3 Packing 24 24% 4 Quantity 8 8% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 35% of the respondents belongs to th e category of price, 33% of the respondents are belongs to the category of quality, 24% are belongs to the category of packing, 8% of the respondents are belongs to the category of quantity.It is found that majority 35% of the respondents belong to the category of price. EXHIBIT-12 guest INFLUENCE TO CHOOSE THE FAKE BRANDS TABLE-13 customer IDENTIFY FAKE BRANDS WITH OTHER PRODUCTS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Name 27 27% 2 Symbol 33 33% 3 Slogan 31 31% 4 Trademark 9 9% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 33% of the respondents belongs to the category of token, 31% of the respondents are belongs to the category of slogan, 27% are belongs to the category of name, 9% of the respondents are belongs to the category of trademark.It is found that majority 33% of the respondents belong to the category of symbol. EXHIBIT-13 CUSTOMER IDENTIFY FAKE BRANDS WITH OTHER PRODUCTS TABLE-14(i) CUSTOMERS IMPORTANCE TOWARDS THE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT S. NO CAT EGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Yes 69 69% 2 No 31 31% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 69% of the respondents are bighearted importance to price of the product, 31% of the respondents are not giving importance to price of the product. It is found that majority 69% of the respondents are giving importance to price of the product. EXHIBIT-14(i)CUSTOMERS IMPORTANCE TOWARDS THE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT PRODUCT TABLE-14(ii) CUSTOMER stringency TOWARDS THE SUBFACTORS OF PRICE S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Discount 46 66. 67%% 2 Less price 23 33. 33% TOTAL 69 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 66. 67% of the respondents are concentrate in price, 33. 33% of the respondents are not concentrate in price. It is found that majority 66. 67% of the respondents are concentrate in price. EXHIBIT-14(ii) CUSTOMER CONCENTRATION TOWARDS THE SUBFACTORS OF PRICE TABLE-15 BRAND INFLUENCE IN BUYING demeanour S.NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PE RCENTAGE 1 Yes 64 64% 2 No 36 36% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 64% of the respondents are influence to the packing on buying behavior, 36% of the respondents are not influence to the packing on buying behaviour. It is found that majority 64% of the respondents are influence to the packing on buying behaviour. EXHIBIT-15 BRAND INFLUENCE IN BUYING BEHAVIOUR TABLE-16 CUSTOMERS OVERALL VIEW ON FAKE BRANDS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 expedient 19 19% 2 Very useful 21 21% 3 Necessary 34 34% Not useful 26 26% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 34% of the respondents belongs to the category of necessary, 26% of the respondents are belongs to the category of not useful, 21% are belongs to the category of very useful, 19% of the respondents are belongs to the category of useful. It is found that majority 34% of the respondents belong to the category of necessary. EXHIBIT-16 CUSTOMERS OVERALL VIEW ON FAKE BRANDS TABL E-17 CUSTOMERS STATISFACTION ON FAKE BRANDS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Excellent 14 14% 2 Good 10 10% norm 26 26% 4 Below average 50 50% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 50% of the respondents belongs to the category of below average, 26% of the respondents are belongs to the category of average, 14% are belongs to the category of excellent, 10% of the respondents are belongs to the category of good. It is found that majority 50% of the respondents belong to the category of below average. EXHIBIT-17 CUSTOMERS STATISFACTION ON FAKE BRANDS TABLE-18 MONEY SAVING S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Yes 37 37% 2 No 63 63% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 63% of the respondents are not pitch large sum of money, 37% of the respondents are saving large sum of money. It is found that majority 63% of the respondents are not saving large sum of money. EXHIBIT-18 MONEY SAVING TABLE-19 HEALTHYNESS OF FAKE PROD UCT USAGE S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Yes 17 17% 2 No 83 83% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 83% of the respondents are telling fake products are not vigorous, 17% of the respondents are telling fake products are not healthy.It is found that majority 83% of the respondents are telling fake products are not healthy. EXHIBIT-19 HEALTHYNESS OF FAKE PRODUCT USAGE TABLE-20(i) OFFERS WITH FAKE PRODUCTS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Yes 23 23% 2 No 77 77% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 77% of the respondents are not getting offers for the fake products, 23% of the respondents are getting offers for the fake products. It is found that majority 77% of the respondents are not getting offers for the fake products. EXHIBIT-20(i)OFFERS WITH FAKE PRODUCTS TABLE-20(ii) OFFERS given(p) FOR THE FAKE PRODUCTS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Discount 12 52. 13% 2 Gift 3 13. 09% 3 Others 8 34. 7 8% TOTAL 23 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 52. 13% of the respondents belongs to the category of discount, 34. 78% of the respondents are belongs to the category of others, 13. 09% are belongs to the category of gift. It is found that majority 52. 13% of the respondents belong to the category of discount. EXHIBIT-20(ii) OFFERS GIVEN FOR THE FAKE PRODUCTS TABLE-21(i)CUSTOMERS CHEATED WITH FAKE PRODUCTS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Yes 50 50% 2 No 50 50% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 50% of the respondents are both cheated and not cheated with fake products. It is found that majority 50% of the respondents are both cheated and not cheated with fake products. . EXHIBIT-21(i) CUSTOMERS CHEATED WITH FAKE PRODUCTS TABLE-21(ii) HOW CUSTOMERS CHEATED WITH FAKE BRANDS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Name 19 38% 2 Symbol 12 24% 3 Quality 12 24% 4 Price 7 14% TOTAL 50 100% Source Primary data The above table expl ains 38% of the respondents belongs to the category of name, 24% of the respondents are belongs to the category of symbol and quality, 14% are belongs to the category of price. It is found that majority 38% of the respondents belong to the category of name. EXHIBIT-21(ii) HOW CUSTOMERS CHEATED WITH FAKE BRANDS TABLE-22 QUALITY CONSCIOUS OF PRODUCT S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Poor 7 7% 2 Fair 30 30% 3 Good 49 49% 4 Excellent 17 17% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary dataThe above table explains 49% of the respondents belongs to the category of good, 30% of the respondents are belongs to the category of fair, 17% are belongs to the category of excellent, 7% of the respondents are belongs to the category of poor. It is found that majority 49% of the respondents belong to the category of good. EXHIBIT-22 QUALITY CONSCIOUS OF PRODUCT TABLE-23 REASONS FOR not PURCHASE FAKE FMCG PRODUCTS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Not necessary 42 42% 2 High price 22 22% 3 Low quality 27 27% 4 Not familiar 9 9% TOTAL 100 100%Source Primary data The above table explains 42% of the respondents belongs to the category of not necessary, 27% of the respondents are belongs to the category of low quality, 22% are belongs to the category of high price, 9% of the respondents are belongs to the category of not familiar. It is found that majority 42% of the respondents belong to the category of not necessary. EXHIBIT-23 REASONS FOR NOT PURCHASE FAKE FMCG PRODUCTS TABLE-24 ALTERNATIVE FOR PREFERED BRAND S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Go to other shop 30 30% 2 Postpone the purchase 16 16% ordain buy other brand 30 30% 4 Place order to get inevitable brand 11 11% 5 Any other 13 13% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 30% of the respondents belongs to the category of both go to other shop and will buy other brand, 16% of the respondents are belongs to the category of postpone the purchase, 13% are belongs to the category o f any other, 11% of the respondents are belongs to the category of place order to get needful brand. It is found that majority 30% of the respondents belong to the category of both go to other shop and will buy other brand.EXHIBIT-24 ALTERNATIVE FOR PREFERED BRAND TABLE-25 CUSTOMERS STATISFACTION WITH PRESENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Yes 62 62% 2 No 38 38% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 62% of the respondents are cheery with present distribution system, 38% of the respondents are not satisfied with present distribution system. It is found that majority 62% of the respondents are satisfied with present distribution system. EXHIBIT-25 CUSTOMERS STATISFACTION WITH PRESENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM TABLE-26MODE OF SELLING OF FAKE PRODUCTS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Van 14 14% 2 Cycle 34 34% 3 Door-door step 23 23% 4 Other 29 29% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 34% of the re spondents belongs to the category of cycle, 29% of the respondents are belongs to the category of other, 23% are belongs to the category of door-door step, 14% of the respondents are belongs to the category of van. It is found that majority 34% of the respondents belong to the category of cycle. EXHIBIT-26 MODE OF SELLING OF FAKE PRODUCTSTABLE-27 VOICE OF RETAILERS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Yes 53 53% 2 No 47 47% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary data The above table explains 53% of the respondents are adjust the theatrical role of the retailer, 47% of the respondents are not heed the voice of the retailer. It is found that majority 53% of the respondents are obey the voice of the retailer. EXHIBIT-27 VOICE OF RETAILERS TABLE-28 STEPS TO AVOID FAKE PRODUCTS S. NO CATEGORY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Yes 58 58% 2 No 42 42% TOTAL 100 100% Source Primary dataThe above table explains 58% of the respondents are take steps to avoid using fake products, 42% of the r espondents are not take steps to avoid using fake products. It is found that majority 58% of the respondents are take steps to avoid using fake products. EXHIBIT-28 STEPS TO AVOID FAKE PRODUCTS MODULE-V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION 5. 1. Findings of the study * The majority of 35% of the respondents are in the age group of above 30. * The majority of 56% of the respondents are male. * The majority of 45% of the respondents are qualified as UG. The majority of 33% of the respondents are employed. * The majority of 39% of the respondents are with family of above 4members. * The majority of 33% of the respondents are earning above Rs10000 per month. * The majority of 58% of the respondents are joint family. * The majority of 40% of the respondents are expecting fake cosmetic products available in market. * The majority of 83% of the respondents are expecting top branded FMCG products available in the area. * The majority of 61% of the respondents are not using fake b rands. The majority of 65% of the respondents are purchasing fake products in petty shop. * The majority of 35% of the respondents are influencing price to choose the fake brand. * The majority of 33% of the respondents are identifying symbol with other products. * The majority of 67% of the respondents are give importance to price of the product. * The majority of 64% of the respondents are influencing packing of the brand in buying behavior. * The majority of 34% of the respondents are telling necessary to use fake brands. * The majority of 50% of the respondents are good to satisfied on fake brands. The majority of 63% of the respondents are feels fake brands saves large sum of money. * The majority of 83% of the respondents are expecting fake products are not healthy. * The majority of 52. 13% of the respondents are getting discount for the fake brands. * The majority of 50% of the respondents are cheated with fake products. * The majority of 38% of the respondents are cheated b y name of the product. * The majority of 42% of the respondents are expected not necessary to purchase fake FMCG products. * The majority of 30% of the respondents gives equal preference to go to other shop and will buy other brand. The majority of 62% of the respondents are satisfied with present distribution system. * The majority of 34% of the respondents are expecting fake products are sold by the manufacture through cycle. * The majority of 53% of the respondents are obeying the voice of the retailer. * The majority of 58% of the respondents are take steps to avoid fake products. 5. 2. Suggestions To The guide . * It is necessary to the consumer forum to create awareness among rural customers among fake brands. * Branded products should advertise their brand image and slogan to avoid the fake products. Some best brands are not available all multiplication in all areas, so we cant avoid to buy the fake products 5. 3. Conclusion A product is the heart of marketing. A rural marke ter has to be sensitive to the needs of rural consumers and must design products that achieve the best fit with rural conditions. To succeed in rural markets, it is important for companies to make products that cater to all facets of rural needs, from product design to branding, from packaging to after-sales service. Based on the types of products currently seen and the in all probability aspirations of rural consumers, products may proliferate in many directions.It is likely that relatively well-to-do rural consumers will graduate to more sophisticated products as they start expecting more than just the core benefits of the product. The shift of rural consumers from product generalization (one clearing soap for all purposes) to product specialization (toilet soap for bathing, shampoo for washing hair, detergent for washing clothes) promises better growth for urban-centric products presently used in rural areas. Increased literacy and awareness levels are bound to lead to an influx of new product categories like educational and lifestyle products.The first mover in new product categories in the rural market will benefit and is more likely to succeed by achieving brand stickiness, making it difficult for late entrants. BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS * Pradeep kashyap and Siddhartha raut, The rural marketing book. * Gupta, V. K. , An Approach to Rural Marketing, Indian journal of marketing. * Dr. Francis Cherunilam, Corporate Scene The Menace of Fake Products Organisational Management * Lee Hoe, Gillian Hogg, Susan Hart, (2003), Fakin It Counterfeiting and Consumer Contradiction, European Advances in Consumer Research, 6 60-67. Alain dAstous, Ezzedine Gargouri, (2001), Consumer evaluations of brand imitation, European Journal of Marketing, 35(1/2) 153 167. * Gardner, David M. (1975), Deception in Advertising A Conceptual Approach, Journal of Marketing Z% Qan. ), 40-46. * Jacoby, JacobOlson, Jerry C. Haddock, Rafael A. , (1971), Price, brand name, and product composition characteristics as determinants of perceived quality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55(6) 570-579 * Robert C. Bird, (2007-2008), Counterfeit Drugs A Global Consumer Perspective, Wake Forest Intell. Prop. L. J. , 387. Arghavan Nia, Judith Lynne Zaichkowsky, (2000) Do counterfeits undervalue the ownership of luxury brands? , Journal of Product Brand Management, 9(7) 485 497 * Miaoulis, George and Nancy DAmato (1978), Consumer Confusion and Trademark Infringement, journal of Marketing, 48-55. * Irena Vida, (2007), Determinants of Consumer Willingness to secure Non-Deceptive Counterfeit Products, Managing Global Transitions 5 (3) 253270. * Harvey, M. G. , and A. Ronkainen. 1985. International counterfeiters Marketing success without the cost or the risk. Columbia Journal of World Business 20 (3) 3746. Shih Jung Wang, Lily Shui-Lien Chen, (2011), Consumers attitudes towards different product * category of private labels. African Journal of Business Management, 5(17) 7616-7621. * Kam biz Heidarzadeh Hanzaee, Sara Ghafelehbashi, (2012), The Role of Product Involvement, Knowledge, and Perceptions in Consumer Purchase Behavior of Counterfeits Perspective Islamic Country. J. Basic. Appl. Sci. 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WEBSITES * www. google. com * www. wikipedia. com * www. businessmanthra. com ANNEXURE QUESTIONNAIRE A STUDY ON CUSTOMER PERCEPTION OF FAKE BRANDS IN FMCG WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RURAL AREAS IN THENI DISTRICT 1) Name _________________________________ 2) climb on a)15-20yrs b)21-25yrs c)26-30yrs d)above 30yrs 3) Gender a)male b)female 4) Education )below 8th b)9th-12th c)UG d)PG 5) Nature of occupation a)b usiness b)employed c)professional d)housewife 6)Number of members in the family a)2 b)3 c)4 d)above 4 7) Monthly income a)below ? 3000 b) ? 3000-? 5000 c) ? 5000-? 10000 d)above ? 10000 8) Type of family a)joint b)nuclear 9) what are the fake products available in the market? a)chocolate b)cosmetics c)detergents d)others 10) Did you expect top branded FMCG products are available in this area? )yes b)no 11) Are you a user of fake brands? a)yes b)no 12) In which place do you purchase fake products? a)retail outlet b)petty shop c)departmental store d)super market 13) What influence you to choose the fake brand? a)quality b)price c)packing d)quantity 14) How do you identify fake brand with other? a)name b)symbol c)slogan d)trademark 15)i) Do you give importance to the price of the product? a)yes b)no ii) If yes? You concentrate in )discount b)less price 16) Does the packing of the brands influence in buying behavior? a)yes b)no 17) What is the overall encounter on fake brands? a)useful b)very useful c)necessary d)not useful 18) Give the degree of satisfaction about fake brands? a)excellent b)good c)average d)below average 19) Do you feel fake brands saves large sum of money? a)yes b)no 20) Would you think fake products are healthy? a)yes b)no 21) Would you get any offer for fake brands? a)yes b)no i) If yes what are they? a)discount b)gift c)others 22) Are you cheated with fake products? a)yes b)no ii) If yes how? a)name b)symbol c)quality d)price 23) How do you rate the quality of the product & your preferred brands? a)poor b)fair c)good d)excellent 24) What are the reasons for not purchase fake FMCG products? a)not necessary b)high price c)low quality d)not familiar 25) What are the alternative purchase plans, if preferred brand is not available? )go to other shop b)postpone the purchase c)will buy other brand d)place order to get required brand e)any other 26) Are you satisfied with present distribution system? a)yes b)no 27) Manufacture sell the fake products through a)van b)cycle c)door door step d)other 28) Did you obey the voice of the retailer of buying FMCG products? a)yes b)no 29) Do you take any steps to avoid using fake brands? a)yes b)no 30) Your valuable suggestion if any - -