Graphic communication Essay Example for Free

Graphic colloquy EssaySch 31 Promote communication in health, social c be or nestlingrens and newfangled peoples settings. 1.2 Explain how communication affects affinitys in the work setting. communicating plays a massive part once building a relationship in the work setting. By regularly keeping effective communication between practioners, invokes/careers and squirtren makes a positive working environment. The relationships are mostly based on the type of communication between one another, communication is not just by verbally but as well the body speech we show, facial expressions and our gestures. Communication with tykeren and young people is very important. When a child is new to the setting you would want them to feel comfortable and safe in your company away from parents/ careers. As of when the children and young people does feel positively most the new environment around then helps the parent/career of that child to feel relaxed and comfortable to authorize o ver their child into your care knowing they will have an enjoyable experience. The main way to build positive communication with the child/ young individual is through play, as you talk with them during activities the child would become more relaxed as you ask questions about their games and actions, by showing interest into the childs/ young persons holistic development will then build a positive relationship with that child/ young person.By showing positive body language in the setting, shows an invitation to the child/ young person that youre there to play games, do activities and be there to have a conversation. Lowering down to the childs/ young persons level which will then put you into the position to engage in eye contact, this will make the child/ young person feel like you are more approachable to communicate with for example ask you questions. When verbally communicating between you and the child the tang of your voice is very important, the child will pick up on the w ay you say things more than what you said as this will tell them if youre organism positive towards them talking with them, or either being direct talking to them. Not only do you talk to them but also the child will response, or even out approach you first to communicate either for a general conversation or to ask a question.All children are different, either it is by the way theyre brought up, their culture, have different beliefs, and in the way they communicate for example face is an additional language. If you had a child in the nursery who had English as a second language, and knew few words, verbally communicating with this child wouldnt be the first thing you would do. There are loads of different ship canal to do this for example using picture cars with words, not only will this technique help communicate but also help build the childs English vocabulary. Another being demonstrating, for example in an activity, lets say gluing and sticking, show the child what to do by de monstrating the activity for them to then counterpart your actions. Communication is very important, not only with the child/ young person but also their parents/ careers.Parents and careers pauperisation to be kept updated with everything that happens with their child/children and information that they read to know about the nursery itself. The stronger the relationship between the practioners and the parent/ career the stronger the trust the parents/ careers have with their child/ children in your care. Information should be shared on a day to day basis between the practioner and the parent/ career abpout everything that happens in the nursery. This information can be shared in different ways depending on the confidentiality. Information for all parents to know who have children at the nursery should be notices such as for example new children joining the group, allergies that children have mesmerism the parent/ career about the foods the child should be allowed to take into t he nursery, changes to day plans (hours, activities, trips).This course of information can be transferred by sending out a newsletter to the parents/ careers individually when they drop off of pick up their child/ children, a notice board inside/ outside of the nursery for everyone to read, emailing or texting to the parents/ careers as this could be an easier way for them. On the other slew information more confidential about an individual should just be kept between that parent/career of the child/ children and the practioner who is giving the information.This information can be transferred by a letter, email and a text but in my opinion this sort of nonverbal communication just doesnt seem formal or appropriate. Information like this should either be told over a phonecall or even face to face at the beginning or end of the school day Taking the parent / career aside to have a conversation in a private board away from other parents and practioners. The information given would be topics such as, the childs behaviour if they are being disruptive, not listening to the staff harming other children, or even if the child seems upset and wont join in on different activities and games set. sometimes communicating cant always be as easy as having a conversation or written communication for example a childs information profile.A parent/ career can be harder to approach in different topographic points for example the parent/ career has English as an additional language and knows some English but not enough to have a general conversation about the child, in this situation more verbal communication would be easier to approach than written communication. Also a parent/ career with dyslexia, verbal communication is easier to approach, especially when information is need on the childs profile for in the nursery, so in this scenario, the parent or career would have to verbally share this information with the practioner for them to record this information. As vast as the parent/ career is knowledgeable of what is happening with their child and the nursery they will feel comfortable and trusting with their child in the care of the nursery. guardianship communication strong between yourself and work colleagues is very important as the information you share between one another is what will keep the nursery running where as if this communication was at a poor standard then no information will get told to everyone, people including staff, the parents/ careers and children. The sort of communication that would be between colleagues mostly on a day to day basis would be verbally, when in the work setting, such things being for example about activities and games, day plans, child absences, food times and parents drop off and pick up times.Also this all doesnt need to be verbally if its the same information to be transferred to each member of staff every day, there could be for example a chart e.g in the baby room a chart been posted up on each childs differ ent feeding and sleeping patterns. Building a strong relationship with colleagues would make life in your setting more comfortable, easier to work with one another and just better to talk to each other. Also by having a stable relationship communicating with each other will keep all of the staff up to date with everything happening.Communicating with colleague to colleague is a different to which you would talk to a child or a parent/ career. Speaking to a colleague would be less formal than anyone else as in the work setting you would build a strong friendship as well as just a work relationship. On the other hand when speaking to a profession outside of the nursery such as a special educational needs coordinator you would communicate in a more formal way and confidentially would be strict.Of a profession like this you would communicate verbally face to face with them, or by even email, share-out the sort of information about a child theyre there to study. The different professions would need trust in you and the rest of the staff to make real this child/ children dont feel left out because theyre different and that you respect and look out for them. In conclusion, when working in a nursery setting you are to be prepared to strongly communicate with everyone involved in your work to build that trust and respect. Not only verbally and just speaking but also thinking about how to speak and how to show your body language and facial expressions.

What Are the Key Problem Facing the Worlds in the 21 Century Essay Example for Free

What Are the Key Problem Facing the Worlds in the 21 Century demonstrateDo you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email, or telephone calls. handling specific reasons and details to support your answer.Humankind, through the ages, has undergone some changes from the time when people communicated only face-to-face to nowadays when a person has in use many types of communication means. Some people still prefer to use face-to-face communication despite many other sometimes more convenient ones such as phone, mail, e-mail and fax. I think to continue this essay it is essential to clarify what kind of conversation we are talking about.For example, if people are negotiating it is really important to have a face-to-face communication. It is very important to see during a negotiation how ones opponent is moving, is he nervous or relaxed, what he is doing, and so forth Scientists sa y that the body language and facial gestures can say many thing about a person, his strong and weak sides, his traits, manners and even habits. To lie with what kind of man one is dealing with is very essential aspect in negotiation. Many managers prefer to have with the future employees face-to-face conversation. So, in this depicted object they see how a person behaves.From the other side, if I need to notify my bank that I am going to close an account I do not want to spend my time driving there, waiting for my turn and talking with a representative. It is easier for me just to call or e-mail them. It saves my time and my banks too.To summarize, from my smell all important issues better be discussed in face-to-face conversation. It will eliminate many farther misunderstandings and bring only benefits to both sides.

The Origins of Hip Hop | Essay

The Origins of hip joint hops Essay1. Introduction hip joint skip was born in the archeozoic 1970s amongst meagreness and cluster violence in the South Bronx. In the beginning of articulatio coxae eternalize hop DJing, MCing, graffiti writing, and rend dancing were aimd as a focus to channel the energy of the youth in a more positive centering. Thirty years later things consent changed, the game is more serious. There is a lot more m geniusy involved, there is a lot more at stake, some say it is dead. If so, who killed it? (YouTube 2)In this essay I volition fount at the growth of renal pelvis cut as an germinal personic production public figure, from its origins in New York through with(predicate) to its transition into the world wide phenomenon we argon familiar with today. My master(prenominal) focus will be to explore and understand why so many people decidem to be asking the question is pelvic girdle hops dead?.In order to answer the question is hip j oint cut dead? it is first necessary to define my understanding of the question. In this essay I will be evaluating the health of rose hip skitter, non in terms of its popularity or the money it generates nonwithstanding in terms of its health as an art form is it facilitate a thriving, growing, developing form or has it stagnated under the weight of its take in success?I will be looking at the artistic growth of hep vamoose as well as the effect that mer arseholetileisation has had. My essay charts the decline of the rawness that was at the core of Hip vamoose in its early phase of outgrowth in New York City, when it was recognised and respected for its in the moment somebodyal creativity, where the dancing would bounce off the medicament, the medicinal drug off the rapping, and the rapping from the sounds of the streets.2. The Origins of Hip cutHip pass over is an art form that includes rapping rap music, graffiti writing, particular move styles (including break dancing), specific attire, and a specialise language and vocabulary. (Droppin science p224)To master an art in Hip Hop required a creative and expressive skill, whether it be a physical fashion, measured lyrics, vocal percussion, playing with the many aspects of music or graffiti art.Hip Hop is also a cultural movement which grew and developed primarily amongst short(p) black kids in the streets of the South Bronx, New York City, in the mid to late 1970s. These were young Afro-Ameri lav kids, descended from slaves bought over from Africa in the 18th and 19th centuries who lived in despicable social conditions broken families, poverty, poor people education, lack of any job opportunities and much radical prejudice, and police prejudice. They lived in black ghettos where violence, and death were common.In the same bureau as their recent ancestors had been enslaved and make to work the plantations of the Southern states in places such as Mississippi and Alabama, they also felt en slaved in a system which seemed to spell them no way out.America condoned the peculiar institution of thr all(prenominal) from 1619 up until the passage of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution which abolished slavery and involuntary servitude on December 18, 1865. (Bruno, Anthony (no date) online).When slavery was abolished in 1865 (Bruno, Anthony (no date) online), and the slaves were of a sudden emptyd, the necessity to work and earn money to survive led them to emigrate to the richer Northern states of America, to cities such as Washington, Chicago and New York, where jobs were available, tho low paid.As well as a large number of Africans moving to the Northern Cities, so did many Hispanics who had to begin with emigrated from Mexico, and Puerto. The same attr pull through of a better life and a chance to make money spurred on their movement North. The Afro-Americans and Latino youth that grew up in the streets of these Northern cities, were the originators of Hip Hop.Howe ver, although Latino groups, particularly in New York, made a huge contri unlession to Hip Hop, there is no doubt that the main influences on Hip Hop came from the African American population.Lack of education and vigorous prejudice against African Americans led to the creation stuck with the dead end, poorly paid jobs and these conditions led to a gamey level of crime and violence, particularly involvement of drug dealing. To many there seemed no choice, it was either poverty or crime.It is the frustration and anger forced by these conditions, oddly the lack of any opportunities to im uphold their situation, that gave rise to the birth of Hip Hop.Hip Hop became that way out, and the music and rhythms of their ancestors were reborn within Hip Hop.The ancient African tribal rhythms and musical traditions travelled with the slaves and remained an important part of the life of an African slave in America, and after 300 years of slavery in the so expected Land of the Free the soun ds of Old Africa became the young sounds of black America. Rapping, the rhythmic use of spoken or semi-sung lyrics grew from its roots in the tribal chants and the plantation work songs to flex, an constitutive(a) part of black resistance to an oppressive white society. (The roots of Hip Hop, online)Hip Hop, like its direct ancestor, the Blues, were some(prenominal) born out of social exit and the determination to use the experience in a positive way, and to escape the clutches of poverty.3. The Development of Hip HopYouTube Video 1 briefly testifys an query with a man on the streets of the Bronx, shot in 1986. He talks about how the music programs in the schools of New York would often cut out because of figure problems, and the only way for the kids in the schools to get music lessons would be to pay for them outside of school, which many could not afford. Hip Hop was a new form invented by the kids who struggled with money, and the place they would learn from was on the s treets. They used the pieces of music from their roots, their blood, music influences such as blues, gospel and jazz to pretend a new genre. The genres which their ancestors would feed cognize during the slave trade back in the South of America. A time of similar misery, and expression of the same pain and sorrow in their souls was being called out. For them there were many similarities with their ancestors.Hip Hop was something the youth could get excited about, and squander a passion for. It was something that no amount of money or person could get in their way and stop them. And over the few years, whilst not only was Hip Hop gradually developing as a music, dancing and art form, so was their chemical chain of listeners. More and more people outside of New York were becoming familiar with the genre, and soon an individualism had been created for these youths. They had become what they had longed for, a something which was reservation an impact. Not only were the youth cr eating the music, dancing to the music save they were living the Hip Hop genre as a way of life. But not at the time were they aware of the size of impact they were going to have on the rest of the world. (YouTube 1, Dropping science 230)It was the disco DJs in the clubs where the roots of the Hip Hop music style began. An interest grew of paying attention to the blending of one track into the next one, as opposed to finishing one and the scratch another. The DJs began matching tempos to make a smooth transition. The reaction from the crowds was nothing but excitement as they became witness to gradual build up beats and phases would shortly put you into a whole new track. (P 12 The rap attack)At a similar time as DJs finding a new and elicit craze in paying attention with and playing around with the beats and tempos of tracks, originally MCing referred to today as rapping was being developed in the streets of the Bronx. Rapping is one of the main elements which had always been a t the heart of the Hip Hop genre. It was seen as a skill of rhythmic talking over a funk beat. (P8 The rap attack)Lets spirt TogetherIt was not long until these new styled DJs and Rap artists would come together and put the dickens talents together for everyone around to hear. One of the first DJs to explore this concussion was DJ Kool Herc in 1975, who is often referred to today as a godfather of Hip Hop. Another popular DJ at this time was Love Bag Starski, and was known as the first to refer to this new found culture as Hip Hop.With the fast development of rap in the early 80s, rap music learns where being played everywhere around America. However in the Bronx the listeners were still excited about the beats of the records and soon became obsessed with what was known as the break of the records, where the lyrics of a track would stop and all that could be heard were the strong beats and rhythms from the drums. (P14 The rap attack) These breaks in the records would be what the listeners would be waiting for, and the dancers to do their thing.This reaction led DJs to spread out up their creativity as DJs. From vertical playing records from start to finish, they would use the breaks as their bass and play around with cutting, repeating, layering, using turntables, extending move of the records as yet they wished and felt at the time. Their time of developing a creative identity came. Suddenly the chances of hearing one copy of a James cook record did not exist. (P14 The rap attack)Around 1973, the new craze of lifelong lengths of the breaks was reflected in the longer length of improvised moves of the dancers. Soon a new telephone break-dancer was what these dancers started to call themselves, or b-boys and b-girls for short. The kids who were into the breaks started calling themselves B-Boys and the wild, acrobatic style of dancing which accompanied the playing of the breaks became known as breaking. The better Bronx DJs like Kool Herc, Afrika Bamb aataa and Grandmaster Flash started mixing two copies of the same record to make the breaks last longer (The roots of Hip Hop, online) This was when the dancers would be creating the moves that inspired the lay down of Hip Hop dance. (online, Hip Hop History)Bringing it Back to the StreetsThe vocal percussion called beatboxing, is known to have grown originally as an urban form. The beat box drum machines used to create the breaking that the more established MC and DJ artists were using, could not be afforded by the majority of the Hip Hop creators on the streets. Therefore if the breaks could not be made for them, then they would make the breaks themselves through the skill of beatboxing. These soon established beatboxers were imitating drum sounds and beat patterns using the lips, tongue, mouth, throat, and voice. Its summed up with the image of a guy in a hoodie with his hands cupped over his mouth spitting and making wonderful noises. (The Real History of Beatboxing Part 2)Hip H op DanceThe gangs of the Bronx strongly influenced the development of the Hip Hop dance style. The gang experience and forced hard and strong persona they was intimately required to be taken seriously among the streets can been seen of an influence in the dance of Hip Hop. More specifically the dance style uprocking. Before gangs were going into battle, it was known that they would perform a particular dance in order to get the adrenaline running and use up an aggressive nature to the protrude. The gang members would carry out movements that would resemble actions that would take place in moments of violence with an enemy. The dance would consist of kicks and strikes between the dancers. (P229 Droppin Science)In the early days, Hip Hop dance was an outwardly body expression specific to that person and their feelings spurred on from the beats and rhythms in the music being heard. The style has adopted a large range of different skills which have developed over time. The dance incl udes breaking, popping, locking, and free styling, while its movements indulge jumps, breakages, and rotations. Such elements make this dance style amazingly explosive and truly informal. (Hip Hop Dancing)Hip Hop dance has received a renowned respect for being a genre which demands such a high level of personal creativity. Just like the musicians, the dancers develop their own identity to how they dance, and they cannot be wrong.Dance genres such as ballet, demands a specifically noticeable technical ability which normally requires years of intense training. Hip Hop however enables an openness that most genres do not, a freedom to move however you wish. The only requirement which can be seen is an understanding and respect as a creative culture. (Hip Hop Dancing)What made Hip Hop dance so interesting when being performed in the Bronx was the ability to see such a range of new moves, new ideas, new ways of expressing.However with Hip Hop dance today, in the music videos created in th e money making world, how often do we see a range of creativity? In my opinion hardly ever. Sure the choreography might involve different steps, but it will almost definitely involve a focus on female dancers, carrying out a version of booty-shaking, torso popping and hair flicking. Moves which emphasises the woman figure and create a more sexual orientated atmosphere. There is no denying that the attention to the movement of the bum.. does not interrelate back to moves that would have been found in African history, but Hip Hop in its original day was not all about just that. Just like how many more measure can a Hip Hop artist swear in a song, how many more times can a Hip Hop dancer booty-shake? Not much more.Booty-shaking that existed originally as one of many Hip Hop moves has been taken and pushed forward to be pictured as what Hip Hop dance is. The money making corporate world knows that sex sells, and to them the more sexy moves the better.GraffitiGraffiti is another of the main expressive elements that made up the Hip Hop culture. Graffiti manucircumstanceureed the visual, emceeing and DJ produced the music, and B-Boying was the dance. In the early days of hip-hop, all of these elements were deeply intertwined. (graffiti and Hip Hop, online)Graffiti was normally an expression of the political activists in Hip Hop, people who wanted to mark their territory. Graffiti would be found all around the city, particularly on subways. People suddenly did not have to visit the Hispanic parts of the city to become instance to face with the Hip Hop culture that was emerging, as graffiti was bought to them, a permanent reminded of the current sub-culture that was growing around them. The were adamant for their previously silent voices to be heard. Not long did graffiti progress from a scribbled tag (nickname) or club name on the wall to an elaborate art form emblazoned with Magic Marker and spray paint over every available surface of the subway trains and buildi ngs. (P15 The rap attack)CompetitionAnother element of Hip Hop that separates itself from other genres is how originally it would be performed in the form of a battle, whether it be rapping or break dancing. One side (or sometimes more) would go against another, and each side would take turns to show what they had to offer with a sort of you think your better than us, prove it location. This competitive nature stood at the heart of Hip Hop.Not only did it help displace violence and drugs such as heroin, but it also fostered an attitude of creating from limited materials. (P15 The rap attack). These young black men wanted to prove themselves to the world, and with these battles they were suddenly given a chance.I was ironic that these battles only ended up supporting the views of much of white America that young African American males are threatening, and that this then further restricted their entry into the mainstream service economy as well as other areas of mainstream life. (P22 9 Droppin Science)4. The Social Impact of Hip HopThe most noticeable impact Hip Hop had on the community was the devolve conflict between the many established gangs that existed. It was within The Bronx and, to a lesser extent, Harlem that black youths developed their own alternative to the gang warfare that had risen from the dead in the late 1960s to dominate and divide neighbourhoods north of Central Park. (P12 The rap attack)The Savage Seven was the name given to the first known gang that took on the streets of the Bronx. This group of teenagers laid the groundwork for a surge of street gang activity that would overwhelm the Bronx for the next six years.One of the most long-familiar and influential originators of Hip Hop along with Eric B. and Rakim was Afrika Bambaataa, (more specifically in break-beat dee-jaying) is seen today the Godfather of Hip Hop Culture.Bambaataa, who was once himself not just a member but a leader of the Savage Seven, set up the group Zulu Nation, a Hi p Hop group that spoke the message of factology versus beliefs. (Zulu Nation website, online Hip Hop History)Zulu Nation spoke out of beliefs of right knowledge, right wisdom, right overstanding, right sound reasoning, to bring about right ways and actions. Bambaataa spoke out to the youths of Hip Hop with a message describing the importance of knowledge, wisdom and understanding. (Zulu Nation website) Zulu Nation effectively reached out to the large number of current gang members in the Bronx and show them a chance of an alternate path in life.The African American youths were able to express their frustration and pain now in a way which did not require violence, instead of putting it on one another they were putting it into Hip Hop. A peacemaking was established. (Dropping Science 213)The school playgrounds, community parks and centres helped bring what were once gang enemies in the ghetto together. The former threatening gangs transformed into relatively harmonious, harmless crews , and the only battling they would have with one another was through the exciting new form of Hip Hop.The gang lives many Afro-American youths had, was never hidden away and ignored in Hip Hop. Instead, the pain and suffering they experienced bought to the van of much of the rapping creativity, as a chance to express how they really felt and not be rejected by it became an seized opportunity for many to release their wrong emotions.An interesting description of the way Hip Hoppers reacted to media attention and the manipulation is in the book Droppin Science. William Perkins interview with a filmmaker and author of that time Michael Holman describes how the Bronx youth had created a cultural depth and confidence to talk back, when challenged by the media, staying loose, and reacting in a way which most plausibly spurred on even more attention to how strong the Hip Hop culture had grew to become, they stayed fresh, they maintained that certain volatility that Hip Hop craves. No fe ar of the end of the world, just fear of being stuck If you became classifiable, Holman says, you became all the things that kept you in check. (P214 Droppin Science)Through Hip Hops deeply personal and expressive nature, whether it be through words, movement or art we are bought face to face with the reality of the suffering of the African Americans were experiencing at that time. Hip Hop stood out as a form which spoke of stories of everyday life experiences in the streets. (Hip Hops evolution, online)However any positive social impact from Hip Hop in the early days of its development was soon undone when the commercial pressures of the market started to take effect.5. The Commercialisation of Hip HopWhat does the term commercial mean? It can take on various meanings, but in snapper that term is used to label artists who have alienated parts of the hip-hop culture in their work.(Hip Hop Culture Essay)There is no denying that commercialisation has helped to open up Hip Hop to the rest of the world. Originally Hip Hop was very much an Afro-American art form, however with the commercial world recognising and selling the genre with music shows such as MTV, the audience range opened up not only to the whites of America, but the rest of the world. A world can now be said to be dominated by Hip Hop in a commercial sense, but perhaps no longer in an artistic sense.However, many people believe that commercial hip-hop has deteriorated from what so many emcees in the 80s tried to build a culture of music, dance, creativity, and art that would give people not only something to bob their tribal chief to, but also an avenue to express themselves and deliver a positive message to their surroundings. (Droppin Science)For instance, the dancers we see on TV in Hip Hop music videos and on stage with Hip Hop artists today might look like Hip Hop dancers and be able to do Hip Hop dance, but do they really have artistic integrity and spontaneous thrill of the originals dance d on the streets of New York? Well, they are not creating the moves most likely the steps are taught for them to copy and perform. There is little creativity or realness they learn and perfect(a) their moves in studios, not the streets or in the ghetto clubs the realness in that sense is not in Hip Hop anymore. (mrwiggles, online)Also, Hip Hop music has become to rarely live anymore with many performers miming vocals to pre-recorded backing tracks.Thinking on the spot, being under pressure, being unpredictable and real in the moment as you do your thing, was one of the core skills originally associated with being a master of the form. How often today do we see the so called top Hip Hop artists of today think on their feet? Music videos are recorded, re-recorded, played with, special effected, deleted, you name it. We are hardly given the chance to see Hip Hop being presented as one artist showing what they can do, with the microphone, with the floor.The originators of Hip Hop did not just get involved in creativity and performance, they lived the Hip Hop lifestyle. But as soon as Hip Hop gained media attention and respect for its potential, it was not long until big business seized the opportunity to have a piece and shape the artists style in a way which they felt would make money. Vanilla Ice is a clear example of an flak to change Hip Hop into a more poppy genre of music. Vanilla Ice was a white kid from Florida who was used to try and create a crossover between Hip Hop and pop music a blatant and widely ridiculed attempt to manufacture a Hip Hop artist with mass appeal.Gangs were still involved in Hip Hop as it grew, and some believe that there was more gang involvement than ever before. We call them the Hip Hop record labels. They may not call themselves gangs, but through the extreme competitiveness of the record companies to be bigger and better than anyone else, the competitor backbone still remains.The most famous and recognised record company ri valry is between the West Coast and East Coast. The West Coast record label Death Row founded by Dr. Dre and Suge sawbuck verses the East Coast label, Bad Boy founded by Puffy Combs.The website Knowledgerush says that the rivalry intensified as Hip Hop continued to enter the mainstream in the United States and abroad more money entered the industry and raised the stakes. The focal point soon came to a head with Tupac Shakur on the west coast and Notorious B.I.G. (Knowledgerush, online)Tupac (West Coast) and Notorious B.I.G. (East Coast) were two talented rappers, who were friends and would occasionally see one another despite the competitiveness between their record labels. Both were murdered within six months of each in 1996 as part of feud between the East and West coast gangs.The obvious business relationship behind the deaths of Tupac and Biggy is in the saying an eye for an eye, and was as a result of the rivalry between the record companies. However the most sinister theory fingers Knight for both murders, the founder of Death Row. (Hip-hop homicide, online) TAKE OUTWhen Tupacs body lay dead waiting for atomisation (autopsied), his infamous tattoos were fully displayed, including his signature phrase, thug life, in large letters in a semi-circle around his abdomen. (Knowledgerush, online) Despite Hip Hops development into a world full of money, the artists of Hip Hop were still living the Hip Hop culture, Hip Hop still remained their life.Many commentators were of the view that the feud between the East and West coast Hip Hop gangs and the deaths of Tupac and BIG were all primarily morivated by money. As the comedian Chris Rock said, when Tupac became worth more dead than alive, it was the end for him. (Bigger and Blacker, Chris Rock).Rivalry still exists today with Ja sway verses DMX, Eminem verses Benzino and Jay-Z verses Nas. Not much has really changed.Mentioning and dissing of other gangs started to become a major lyrical theme within Hip Hop in the 1990s. MCs began incorporating more varied and stylistic speech, and focused on introducing themselves, shouting out to friends in the audience, and boasting about their own skills, and criticizing their rivals. (Knowledgerush, online) Not surprisingly this would result in their rivals feeling disrespected and pursuance revenge.These Hip Hop artists would never work and travel as individuals, they would go around in big groups including others from their record labels, calling it an entourage. A direct link to the gangs that walked New York cannot help but be made. The bigger the entourage, the more of a successful impression they would make on the rest of the world.A genre that was originally aimed to help the stop gang violence in New York, over time has transform into a genre which can not help but seem creating violence, and glorifying gun culture.Hip Hop identity is now a world-wide phenomenon, the cutting edge of global youth culture. The gangsta identity both represents the drama of the streets, but also the merchandizing of the rhymes of violence by profit hungry media companies. As KRS-1 and others tell it, the media companies promote the most outrageous stereotypes of violent, vicious Black youth while ignoring the rappers who represent the positive and political side of ghetto life. (Hip Hop Gangs)Hand in hand with the commercialisation of Hip Hop came far more negative and misogynistic attitudes to women (or bitches as they are widely referred to within Hip Hop). A video youtube3 discusses the use of women in these Hip Hop music videos. One interviewer expresses that women have become adornments, walking objects, portrayed as walking bling. The numbers of girls in videos has increased over the years, going from maybe four or five to forty even fifty. These women are not dressed in a way that can argue this idea, as they are made to wear as little as possible, which most likely turns out to be very revealing underwear or swimwear. Surely the w ay these videos portray and use women, with the derogatory terms used to describe them questions charwoman today?I recognise that gender is a very key element to the Hip Hop culture in terms of it being a very much male-dominated world, females struggle to match the success levels as the men, and the degrading attitude women are faced with, however I believe to have looked into and cover that would have been a whole essay in itself. I just wish to mention that since Hip Hop has entered the commercial world it has developed into a male dominated genre which portrays women in a disrespectful, objectified and careless way. In its original day, there was never such a strong disregard for women in Hip Hop, and it can only be noticed that it began to have this misogyny opinion when the Hip Hop artist were working with the big music companies.6. ConclusionsHip Hop came out of a life people were forced to live in of poor healthcare, no money and no hope. Once they realised they could use t he media and publicity in their favour to achieve longed for wealth and a chance for more in their lives, they used it so much, they exploited it. African Americans became corrupted by letting their aim and their search for money become their integrity in life. I cannot help but say be careful what you wish for, because you just might get it.As Hip Hop grew and the money in Hip Hop became bigger, more people wanted a piece of the action managers, promoters, publicists, stylists and most importantly, producers and record companies.Hip Hop (very much like Punk music) was originally an art form that had at its core its rawness and openness you needed no musical training to rap, no instruments to beatbox and no canvass to write graffiti. But now Hip Hop has succumbed to the celebrity culture, and without a major record label, who will want to package and market you, there is little chance of getting your music heard.In the search for record sales, Hip Hop also seemed to relapse its in tegrity and political purpose.Hip Hop, in its early days, did not glorify and encourage violence, drugs and misogyny, it expressed the anger, frustration and suffering young black men were experiencing because of the poor social conditions and lack of opportunities available to them.Today, Hip Hop lyrics and music videos seem to offer a constant diet of violence, drugs and misogyny so much so that it almost becomes bland.How sexist can you be? How many times can you swear in your record? How violent can you (pretend to) be? As Hip Hop artists competed with each other to write more and more extreme lyrics, it quickly became apparent that there was nowhere else to go Hip Hop seems to have reached a stage where everything has already been done.Like other mainstream artists, many rappers sold out and kept their mind on their money and their money on their mind. (Hip Hop Gangs)Today, many of Hip Hops most successful artists are pretenders well educated people, from privileged backgrou nds some of whom studied performing arts before becoming Hip Hoppers. Kanye West and Young Jeezy are often mentioned in this way.It seems to me that Hip Hop sold out. It reached a compromise with big business in which both sides used one another to get what they wanted. The record labels would use Hip Hop to generate vast sums of money for themselves, and a few Hip Hop youths would get what they had always wanted money, recognition for their music and a respect from others.In this essay I hope I have shown that in its early days Hip Hop had an integrity and truth rooted in the experiences of black ghetto youths in North American cities. It had an openness and accessibility any one could participate, anyone could be creative.I also hope I have shown how as Hip Hop grew it very quickly became consumed by the needs of the market and original, creative output was replaced with commercial product.I believe that as a commercial enterprise Hip Hop is still very much alive, in fact it migh t be said to be bigger than ever, and the gangsta rap culture identity still lives on, not just within music but in fashion, language, film and television.However as an art form I believe it is dead.Hip Hop was an art form that existed out of curiosity, play and freedom. Today through the corporate process every little element has to be questioned and often changed to make the genre be put forward in the most vendable way. The creative control has been lost by being someones money making product. In the music world it is very hard to not be a commercial product, and Hip Hop like many other genres has fallen into that existence.I believe Hip Hop began to die when the real Hip Hoppers dont own Hip Hop anymore. Money took control. The music companies did not have the same interest in Hip Hop as the originators did, their interest was making money, not keeping Hip Hop alive in its purest form. People who did not know anything about real Hip Hop were suddenly having say as to how it woul d sound.A realisation of this I believe has c

Investigating Human trafficking types causes and effects

Investigating benevolent trafficking types causes and effectsHuman trafficking is considered as one of the most problematic issues in today worlds participation. Since this problem happens throughout the world, it is necessary to call with it globally. For ASEAN level, gracious trafficking is one of the transnational crimes that take place across national borderlines or take place within one country but their consequences signifi endtly affect some other country. Likewise, Cambodia also faces with this kind of serious crime as a transit, origin, and recipient nation.I.1 Types of human trafficking1. Forced effortAccording to the International Labor Organization (ILO), forced pains is a work or service exacted from a someone under threat or penalty, which includes penal sanctions and the loss of rights and privileges, where the person has not offered him/herself voluntarily.2. Sexual ExploitationIn term of recruitment, traffickers resort to deception, in particular through fa lsepromises of well-paid jobs or opportunities to study abroad. In many cases, victims let out themselves abroad, locked in apartments, with their passports confiscated by traffickers who coerce them to work in prostitution through threats, use of force, abuse and rape. Very often, the victims be promised their freedom only after earning their acquire price, as well as theirtravel and visa costs, through prostitution.3. Organ removalAfter sexual exploitation, the most visible form of exploitation of human trafficking is organ removal. The victims of this kind of exploitation mostly argon children. The children were removed their organ for the heading of begging and peddling (selling small equipment, flowers and cig bettes).4. Forced couplingForced marriage is a practice with deep historical root in which at least one ofthe party is married against his/her will and consent. Today, forced marriage can also be linked to human trafficking. Despite universe recognized as a human ri ghts violation and being condemned by the United Nations habitual Assembly (UNGA), the practice of forced marriage occurs on a significant scale today. In Kampuchean society, especially in rural argonas we can inflict that parents always forced their daughter to marry to foreigner on the hope of improving their living condition. Unfortunately, their daughter somehow exploited by foreigner as domestic workers or sex slaves.5. Illicit adoptionIllegal adoption of children is also another form of human trafficking since it involves the selling and buying children or bungle illegally between parents and buyers. Due to unclear familys plan or unwanted pregnancy, parents often sell their kids to buyers for the purpose of adoption. In some case, unlucky children were sold to furious families which force them to serve as domestic servants or slaves.I.2 Trafficker and the Trafficked1. Who are the traffickers?Traffickers can be involved in diverse functions (as recruiters, transporters o r exploiters) and in various activities during the different stages of the process (Traffickers can be men or women of any age. Women play a role during the recruitment and exploitation phases. Male traffickers with varying degrees of higher status within the trafficking network act as recruiters, transporters and managers during the exploitation phase.Increasingly, females may also perform these roles.2. Who are the victims?Adult women are most frequently describe to be trafficked, followed by children. Plus, men are victims of human trafficking as well.II. Current situationCambodia is a source, transit, and destination country for human trafficking. Cambodian men, women, and children are trafficked for sexual and labor exploitation in Thailand, Malaysia, Macao, and Taiwan. Men are trafficked for forced labor in the agriculture, fishing, and construction industries. Women are trafficked for sexual exploitation and forced labor in factories or as domestic servants.Children are traf ficked for sexual exploitation and forced labor in organized begging rings, soliciting, street vending, and flower selling. The Ministry of Social Affairs and younker Rehabilitations found that 76 percent of trafficked persons returned from Thailand had come from families who owned land, 93 percent owned their own house and had no debt on the land or house, and 47 percent stated that their mother was the facilitator of their trafficking. As the transition, Cambodia is a transit country for victims trafficked from Vietnam to Thailand. Cambodia is a destination country for women and children who are trafficked from Vietnam and China for sexual exploitation. Common destinations for trafficking victims are Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, and Sihanouk Ville. A cc5 report estimated that 2,000 victims in Cambodia have been trafficked into sexual exploitation, approximately 80 percent of whom were Vietnamese women and girls.Internal trafficking in Cambodia is thought to be predominantly for the pur pose of commercial sexual exploitation. Internal trafficking for sexual exploitation is mainly to urban and tourist areas, including to Phnom Penh and to Sihanouk Ville. Increasingly, young women are being deceptively recruited to work in karaoke bars. These women are employed under the pretence of a job in a restaurant or as a waitress in an entertainment complex, and firearm they are often not physically forced to have sex with clients, the women face constant harassment in a sexually exploitative environment.Trafficking in children, curiously very young children and children with a disability are also recruited to sell sweets and flowers on the streets. A small itemize are recruited for work in other sectors, such as domestic work or in restaurants. Trafficking from Cambodia also takes place for the purpose of labor exploitation in a number of industries, including construction, logging, factory work and agriculture. There is an emerging body of research that is concerned rou ghly Cambodian men being trafficked to work in Thailands fishing application and in construction and factory work in Malaysia.15 Cambodian men who are lured into working on Thai fishing boats report appalling conditions, confine and isolated, they suffer from long working hours, dangerous working conditions and physical abuse.III. Causes and Effects of human trafficking in CambodiaThere are many causes of human trafficking in Cambodia. penury is an important factor which has increased women and childrens vulnerability to human traffickers particularly the poor and unemployed due to their willingness to join or their low level of awareness on the dangers associated with human trafficking. Poverty again is considered as the main driver behind their decisions to migrate over sea for work. In addition to poverty, the lack of education and unemployment on that point are also significant social and culture factors that contribute to human trafficking. For instance, culture norms that perpetuate a lack of respect women increase the likelihood of them being exploited. Similarly, the perception of children as wage earners also increases the likelihood of them being trafficked. Moreover, the low level of education, family debt, agriculture failure, lack of land and off-season work were pushing people to the great(p) cities or other countries as the men go into construction, women into services and prostitution. Last but definitely not least, broken families, disaster, uneven economic development, lack of border controls, socio-economic imbalance between the rural and urban areas, increased tourism, unsafe migration are also significant contributing factors to human trafficking.After getting to know the roots of human trafficking, it is also important to understand its effects. In fact, human trafficking has many consequences. First, the spread of HIV/AIDS is one of the consequences of human trafficking. For instance, many victims of human trafficking are physically and sexually abused. Trafficked women are often not in a position of negotiate safe sex, or lack access to education about HIV/AIDS. Therefore, they can transmit the disease to the next customers. That is the reason that HIV/AIDS can spread from one person to another person easily. The victims not only suffer from HIV/AIDS, but also often suffer from stigmatization by their communities. Moreover, many are treated as criminals by officials in countries of transit and destination due to their irregular status in the country, and their status as illegal workers or sex workers. What is more, human trafficking is generating the violation of human right. As we know that the victims are forced to do the prostitute and other kind of exploitations.IV. Solutions of Cambodian governmentCambodia is a source, transit, and destination country for human trafficking. Therefore, The Royal Government of Cambodia does not stand still without taking any actions. The graduation mechanism is the prose cution. It is making some many significant efforts for example, the government created a national anti-trafficking line force to improve the interagency response to trafficking and coordination with civil society, increased law enforcement action against traffickers and complicit officials, and undertook stayion activities. Besides these, in February 2008, Cambodias new Law on the Suppression of Human Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation was declared wisely and went into effect immediately. This law provides enforcement authorities, the power of investigate all forms of trafficking, and it is also a powerful tool in efforts to rent and convict traffickers and have them face strict punishments. The Ministry of Interior (MOI) reported 53 trafficking cases from April 2007 to March 2008, thirty-five cases were sex trafficking involving 60 victims and 11 were labor trafficking cases involving 106 victims. The MOI reported that 65 traffickers were arrested during the reportin g period. The Phnom Penh Municipal Court convicted 52 trafficking offenders. The MOI Department of Anti-Trafficking and Juvenile Protection reported 52 cases, involving 65 trafficking offenders. There is also a think that we get from non-state actors such as NGOs. For instance, NGOs reported 19 labor trafficking cases. In February 2008, Prime Minister Hun Sen ordered the Ministry of Commerce to annul business licenses for marriage agencies, label that kind of business is also a form of human trafficking. Another mechanism of combating human trafficking in Cambodia is the shield. The Royal Government of Cambodia improved its efforts to provide protection to victims of trafficking, while continuing to rely on NGOs and international organizations. Victims are not treated as criminals. Law enforcement and immigration officials implemented formal procedures to identify victims among under fire(predicate) groups and refer them to provincial and municipal Departments of Social Affairs. For instance, the victims are provided with education or skill in order to make them have jobs to support their living. For foreign victims, they are provided temporary residence in shelters providing legal, educational, and counseling services while awaiting repatriation. Last but definitely not least mechanism is the blockion. The Royal Government of Cambodia demo solid efforts to prevent trafficking. In April 2007, the government established a National Task Force (NTF) comprising 11 government ministries, three government agencies, and more than 200 international and local NGOs. The NTF has an oversight mechanism known as the High Level Working Group, chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior. This indicates the first time has coordinated anti-trafficking efforts across government ministries and agencies, and also formally includes civil society. In collaboration with civil society, the NTF launched a nationwide anti-trafficking campaign using unequivocal messages incorporating Khmer values and cultural traditions to inspire Cambodians to take action against human trafficking. The campaign emphasized trafficking as a national priority and launched a national communication on trafficking via general forums across Cambodia. More interestingly, Cambodia also has international cooperation in combating human trafficking. For instance, On May 6, 2005the government and the other five member states of the interrelated Mekong Ministerial Initiative against Trafficking (COMMIT)met in Phnom Penh and agreed to approve the plan of action developed in March 2005 in Hanoi.V. ConclusionRecommendations for CambodiaI would recommend Cambodian government continue implementation of the comprehensive anti-trafficking polity and provide training for law enforcement and government officials on the new law. Moreover, significantly improve the number of prosecutions, convictions, and punishments of trafficking offenders, particularly in areas outside the capital are also should be taking into considerations. Besides these, Cambodia should and must try to make greater efforts to prosecute, convict, and criminally punish public officials complicit in trafficking hold labor recruiting agencies criminally responsible for labor trafficking by means of fraudulent recruitment. What is more, the government should continue to enhance interagency cooperation and collaboration with civil society create concrete benchmarks for the provincial working groups under the direction of the National Task Force. Last but definitely not least, government of Cambodia should increase efforts to prosecute sex tourists and those facilitating commercial sexual exploitation of children. There is also some recommendation from the U.S. Department of State recommends that the Cambodia Government should pass and enact comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation and make greater efforts to prosecute and convict public officials who profit from or are involved in tr afficking. In addition to that, here is also another general recommendation such as protect the rights of victims. According to the UN principle on Human Rights which states that the human rights of trafficked persons shall be at the center of all efforts to prevent and combat trafficking and to protect, assist and provide redress to victims. In other words, the needs and rights of victims should be considered at every stage in proceedings. Furthermore, in order to prevent and protect successfully, the demand should be reduced since the demand reduction must be linked to the prevention and protection. Another recommendation is the establishing comprehensive policies. The complexities of the trafficking problem claim efforts by relevant entities at the local, national, regional, and international levels. It is vitally to form partnership with intergovernmental organizations, governments, NGOs, international organizations, communities and families confronted with trafficking.

Hospitality and hospitality management

Hospitality and cordial reception managementThe aim of this paper is to critically review the nature of hospitality and hospitality management that Hilton Worldwide adapted. In view of this it is to be expected that analysis whitethorn celestial orbit from the view at genius end of the continuum that this is a lot of unnecessary nonsense which solo serves to confuse the issues further, to that which sees this exercise as a stimulating and liberating contribution at the other. The views expressed in the paper clear raise some(prenominal) signifi micklet issues and questions which Hilton management needs to be addressed more fully in the early. The challenge to the conventional wisdom utmostlights both the individuality and parameter issues related to the nature and scope of what should be properly regarded as hospitality and hospitality management. This, in turn, poses some fundamental rating concerning the most arrogate orientation and priorities for both hospitality and hospitality management research and practice for Hilton.Counted Words 4200Comp any(prenominal) OverviewHilton Worldwide previously known as Hilton Hotels Corporation is a leading hospitality accompany located worldwide. The radical formation signifies the companys global avocation r all(prenominal) and strategies the logo denitrifies the hotels affluent heritage and values and excellence in redevelopment (Hilton Worldwide, 2009).The companys vision is to fill the earth with light and warmth of hospitality and the mission is to be the global hospitality company be the premier(prenominal) alternative for the guests, employee and owners alike (Hilton Worldwide, 2009).The values of Hilton worldwide is embosses inside the name itself which atomic number 18H (hospitality) delivering outstanding hospitality experienceI (integrity) al way of lifes do the right occasionL (leadership) prominent leader in key problem beas and communalitiesT (teamwork) success is the combination of teamwork in e realthing it doesO (ownership) owner of avocation actions and decisionsN (now) cultivate in terms of urgency and disciplineHilton worldwide consists of 10 brands embarrasss more than 3300 hotels in 77 countries as of today and is planning to open 300 in coming days. on the whole of these hotels are either operated by contract or wholly owned by Hilton. Management body is headed by a electric chair and CEO, the company is divided into 4 global regions America, Europe, Middle East Africa, and Asia Pacific (Hilton Worldwide, 2009).External AuditMacro Environmental (PESTE) Analysis)A PESTE Analysis is an analysis of out-of-door macro-environmental factor that affects firms crease. PESTE is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social, Technological and Environmental issues that influences the strategic winment of a business. These issues are contrasting in different locations and thus business firms may adopt different strategies in different countries where it operates to identify the business opportunities as advantageously as threats. This assessment task would consider the worldwide strategy of Hilton (King, 1995).PoliticalPolitical factors accept regime rules, regulations and legal issues under which the firm must operate and adhere (Nailon, 1982)(Wood, 1994). The issues discussed are environmental regulation and protection, political stability, corporate and consumer tax incomeation, framework for contract enforcement, knowing property protection, trade regulations, trading partners, anti-trust laws, pricing, mandatory employee benefits, industrial safety regulations, product labeling requirements, competition regulation etc (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988).The political movement can exhaust definite effect on hotel business in UK. For example, if government set a rules under 18 years patrons must be accompanied with parents or guardians, it may lead the decrease of young visitors. Imposing high goods and suffice tax (GST) or si milar taxes would prevent more people to visit the hotel more often. By loosing these potency guests, Hilton may loose income and may need increase products and work to recover losses. Though Hilton groups are committed to use high scale safety standards, UK government rules may non give permission to operate business due to safety footing (like hill, low lying areas) even though at that place may wealthy person choice if business egress (Middleton, 1983). If the government plans to subsidies some of the service it provides (e.g. for disabled or senior citizens), the hotel may gain profits as well as increase services. Thus political actions may have both negative and positive impact on hotel business (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988) (Hilton Worldwide, 2009).EconomicEconomic factors positively effects hospitality business. It determines how easy or difficult to sustain in a business along with capital, cost, crave, monetary policy, unemployment rates, exchange rates of foreign cur rencies, tax on exchanges (Wood, 1994). When scotch harvest-feast is high, consumers income level raises thus demand for hospitality result increase too. Since the recent economic recession started, hospitality business was accomplish badly and it is yet to recover from the losses incurred. Increase of rates would prevent hotelier to seek for alternative choices (e.g. budget hotel or even home stay). In UK, hotel accommodation prices are extremely high than any other countries around the world. Consumers income level didnt rise up much and they fell the stringent budget tryst for daily needs. Very few people depart consider spending holidays in luxurious hotels if they dont afford to. A high income or wages will allow domestic traveler to get high class hospitality in high class hotels (King, 1995).SocialSocial factors are income level, demographics, geographies, life entitle, education, weather, coating and fashions (Wood, 1994). Social factors can be both opportunities an d threats for a hospitality business (Lewis, 1988). Different age or sex of people would require different services (Slattery, 1983). Elderly people demand is not similar to young people. Business people will seek to have more work related facilities (e.g. internet, movie conference) while holiday makers would seek more natural touch (e.g. garden, fishing) (Burgess, 1982).Cultural differences are a major play in hospitality business. While local people like crowd and gossip, tourist would seek for quiet and silent place as they plan holiday. Season is also an important factor (Middleton, 1983). family end and holiday chasten are peak time for hotel business while therere not much crowd during working days or off-peak season. intimately travelers are affected by bad weather and usually dont hold for leisure during extreme either condition specially in winter season (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988).TechnologicalThis is the century of applied science enhancement. So does business. Aggr essive development of expert factors brought rapid growth for hotel business (Slattery, 1983). The factors may include spend on technological research government effort center industry based technology, unexampled invention and their impacts, communication alternatives, speed of technology transfer, cost of usage, rate of technological diffusion. impudently technology could prove a useful input in hospitality business but it has to established with purchase and installment cost along with rearing to employees (King, 1995).Hiltons business will mostly depend on technological factors. guests from around the world is now able to evaluate the products and services provided by Hilton through the several(prenominal) websites, compare prices, seek advice and even can reserve a facility as early as one year prior to arrival. Hilton group itself move much effort to keep the website simple and user friendly so that visitor will not feel difficulty to find any obtainable information. Any latest service or products can reach to millions of guests through the website or communications (Reuland, Choudry, and Fagel, 1985). Providing details of e precise facilities Hilton placed itself to the top choice of any search engines. Traveler from any part of the world can communicate in real time with Hilton representative and made their choices, payments etc (Burgess, 1982).Besides for in-hotel node, Hilton offers state-of-the art high speed wireless, video communications, and teleconferencing, to keep guests always in touch with outdoor(a) world. These services received a bug thumbs up since it was introduced and continuously keep enhancing technology to stay before in business (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988).EnvironmentalEnvironmental factors have been considered important factors for large governings which particularly operated worldwide (Wood, 1994). This factor includes environmental responsibility, improvement of death penalty towards sustainable future, guest and te am commitment to environments, reuse and recycle materials etc (Khan and Olsen, 1988).Hilton hotels recognizes their responsibility by embracing environmental mission includes all members under its group to focus on energy water efficiency, CO2 reduction, waste management, renewable energy. It take environment friendly initiatives which will impact guests positively, influence use of resources in accord with nature by promoting the use of go around environment sociable practices, supports local environment policies (Middleton, 1983).As of present days, Hilton promised to reduce energy consumption, CO2 emissions and waste widening by 20% and water consumption by 10%. These steps ahead will place the firm in lead position and will increase reputation by means.Industry Dynamic (Porters 5 Force) AnalysisPorters model determines the competitiveness of an organization using the five different forces and shows how the forces are related. To develop business strategies effectively, orga nizations must understand and act in response to those forces. (Porter, 1985)Rivalry Among Existing CompetitorsCompetitive rivalry analysis is one of the key areas that business must consider to determine business strategy that firm must adopt and implement continuously over time (Wood, 1994) (Porter, 1985). The hotel business now days are in truth much competitive. With millions of tourist travels every year, luxurious hotel is the first choice for most tourists. Having numerous competitors in market (e.g. inter continental, best western) the competition between players are intense (Burgess, 1982). For example, British consumers are said to having higher buying powers thus will seek for high end luxuries. That works behind the reason why companies constantly compete for better products and attractive prices. In order to be leader is luxurious market, Hilton has to offer unique offers (E.g Park and fly with up to 8 days airport parking, ultimate spa journey with six senses spa in Lo ndon). This force is in favor of Hilton. little terror of New Entrants bane of new entrants may consider the ease of new entry, competitive advantages, place and positions, customers, government support etc (Porter, 1985). To open a new luxurious hotel by another(prenominal) firm in UK would be quite difficult since there are enormous regulations and rules imposed by governments. UK government chooses to advise the alive hotels to improve their business rather than consider letting bring new competitors. Besides, consumer now days doesnt seek much luxurious hotel instead they would prefer budget hotel. Thus new entry to comfy hotel business is not deep (Nailon, 1982). This force is in favor of Hilton.Threat of Substitute Product and ServicesThis force is said to have much influence in Hilton business strategy in recent years. There force includes factors such as product for product substation, need, facilities, budget etc (Reuland, Choudry, and Fagel, 1985)(Porter, 1985). Hilton n ot only requires looking after new entrants as threat but also substituted product and service as a major threat. When there is social occasion of hospitality, its consumers choice what they chose to take. For example, a water bottle in Hiltons caf may cost few more pounds which is cheap just the opposite side grocery shop. A lavishness spa may cost few hundreds of pounds which may be proven cheapest for similar kind in other dedicated spa shops. For one night stopper, back packers and Hilton doesnt have any special prices which usually find their way in budget hotel. These type of consumers seems to be become a huge amount at the end as budget hotel is booming every where around the world. Hilton came up with idea of including a theme park in hotels without considering that some areas may already have amusement park which provide same services as they plan often in cheap price. This force is against Hilton (Burgess, 1982).dicker Power of BuyersThis force consists of high income, l arge service provider, low switching cost etc (Porter, 1985). Before economic recession, consumers were having high incomes and seek more luxuries. As there are choices available in the market, Hilton has to react very quickly to retain customer intention to be their choice of providing world class hospitality in potential lowest price (Lewis, 1988). Todays buyers are most dynamic and well motivated requires more concentration on their needs . Hilton would have to avoid what they think about customer instead they should identify what consumers think about Hilton. Consumers will definitely seek most affordable having all facilities they required and so, hospitality firms have to struggle of adopts the new trends, lifestyle as quickly as possible to offer their loyal customers (Slattery, 1983). This force is against Hilton.Bargaining power of providersThis force may include switching cost, high purchase cost etc (Porter, 1985). Raw material suppliers play an important role in firms bu siness growth (Tideman, 1983). A foodstuff supplier may not offer todays price tomorrow due of supply shortage (Middleton, 1983). Thus to offer catering to guest, Hilton has to purchase the same stuffs in higher prices which will be sum of large amounts of money (Burgess, 1982). If this extra money is to be imposed on guests, this would result Hilton loosing business. Besides, switching to another supplier would be a difficult choice too (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988). For example, Hilton has hired a transportation Company to ferry its guest everywhere they go. Considering, high demand of transportation business offers high price, Hilton has to pay high prices than normal to retain transportation facilities in operation. This force is not in favor of Hilton (Khan and Olsen, 1988).From the above analysis of Hiltons 5 forces analysis, the draw below will provide a summary of the firms overall industry analysis.Porters 5 force analysis talks about the external forces applicable to the out side of business. Todays business is much more vast and robust requiring dynamic approaches which should be an integration of different approaches rather than depends on a single analysis (Porter, 1985). inseparable factor analysis requires much analysis as external. Designing, visioning and learning approaches should be considered when an industry analysis is done. Porters 5 forces are lack of these factors. (Jones, 1996)Bargaining Power of Buyers(-)Threat of Substitute Products and Services(-)Bargaining Power of Buyers(-)Threat of New Entrants(+)Rivalry among existing competitors(+)External Factor Evaluation (EFE) MatrixExternal factor evaluation a strategic tool used for analyze the current business strategy. External factors consider the opportunities and threats that a business or firm may face. These factors are about related to PESTE analysis.Developing EFE matrix is generally easy in mathematical term. The first step is to gather external factors for opportunities and thr eats. Next, assign weight to each factor. The weight should be between 1 to 100 (0 means the factor has no value, 1 is most influential and 100 means most critical). altogether weights at the end must be sum to 100. Then, rate of factors is necessary. Rate indicates how responsive the firm is towards the factors Rating usually be done between 1 to 4 (1 = poor response 2= below average, 3= above average, 4 = fast response). Next, multiply each factor weight its ratings resulting weighted score. Lastly, sum up sum of all weighted score will determine the EFE of the firm.For Hiltons WorldwideWeight Rating Weighted ScoreThreatsEconomic recession 20% 4 0.80Government Tax 10% 2 0.20Low cost hospitality 15% 4 0.60Price change of raw materials 8% 2 0.16Opportunities strategical location 10% 1 0.10High hospitality in low price 7% 2 0.14Awarding loyal customer 15% 2 0.30Associate with other business 15% 3 0.45Total weighted score 100% 2.75The weighted score 2.75 indicates that Hilton has th e high ability to response to external factors (value below 2.50 indicates lower response).Internal AuditValue Chain ActivitiesInternal Quality of ServiceTo sustain in this high competitive market Hilton has to retain strict internal quality of service (Lewis, 1988). Employees are trained in cultivation center to face any kind of difficulty to ensure the unity in hospitality business. Up to date information are distributed in a moment when new decision are made (Burgess, 1982).Employee Satisfaction priggish attitude of employer towards the employee in Hilton has been recognized as one of the important factors of company growth which is reflected in their high quality of services to customers. All employees are closely monitored to ensure they dont feel trouble in both on and off-duty (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988).Employee LoyaltyHilton has always come up with the issue to retain their talented hosts to serve guests. Employee has been given up extensive facilities and almost 95% empl oyees are proven to be loyal to Hilton groups. Reallocation of task brought diversification to employees and influence them grow their career in first class hospitality business (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988).External quality of ServiceHilton is said to be one of to best strategic partner other companies would love be part of. From airlines to travel agencies, Hilton has maintained a good chin of network to reach to any part of the world virtually (Hilton Worldwide, 2009).Customer SatisfactionConsumers in hospitality business seek high quality personnel and dedicated client services (Tideman, 1983). Since adopting high range hospitality strategy, Hiltons focus always has been in its superior client service. From Beijing to Sydney, From New York to Paris, consumer satisfaction has been always taken care of provided with culture and life style mix (Khan and Olsen, 1988).Customer LoyaltyThe company also manages the world-class guest reward program HHonors. HHonors branding enables their hos pitality brands to further build their distinguishing identities and the strong value proposition of the HHonors program through customer loyalty (Pfeifer, 1983). Customer loyalty is yet to get the desired outputs since it is not too long it was introduced (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988).Higher IncomeSo thus, having values in hand, Hilton has no way to slip from business. It has been growing over time. Despite having hard time during recent economic recession, Hiltons business is said to be growing further up with refinement plan to build up to 300 hotels worldwide (Burgess, 1982).Internal Factor Evaluation (IFI)Internal factors consider the strength and weakness that a business or firm may face.Developing IFE matrix is similar to EFE matrix that has been done is page 7. The first step is to gather external factors for opportunities and threats. Next, assign weight to each factor. The weight should be between 1 to 100 (0 means the factor has no value, 1 is most influential and 100 means most critical). All weights at the end must be sum to 100. Then, rate of factors is necessary. Rate indicates how responsive the firm is towards the factors Rating usually be done between 1 to 4 (1 = major weakness 2= minor weakness, 3= minor strength, 4 = major strength). Next, multiply each factor weight its ratings resulting weighted score. Lastly, wide-cut sum of all weighted score will determine the IFE of the firm.For Hiltons WorldwideWeight Rating Weighted ScoreStrengthGood reputation 17% 4 0.68Large hotel chain 20% 3 0.60Well-built management team 16% 3 0.48Wide range of services 14% 2 0.28 failingNot for all consumer 10% 1 0.10Expensive 10 % 1 0.10Poor customer service 8% 2 0.16Slow growth in change of demand 5% 2 0.10Total weighted score 100% 2.50The weighted score 2.5 indicates that Hilton has the mutual response to internal factors.Strategic political platform for Next 3 YearsTOWS MatrixStrength-Opportunities StrategiesHilton hotels have a good reputation in hospitalit y business and a large amount of customer chain. Introducing low cost packages for travelers will means a true hospitality to the existing customer as well as for new customers (Slattery, 1983). Hiltons wide range of services may be available to people of all income level (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988).Strength-Threat StrategiesRetain the talented and well managed employees for a smoother business in future could be proven vital (Pfeifer, 1983). Hilton should ways perform task variation, and frequent conversation will all employees to prevent dispute. Employee may be shifted to international chains to gain experience so that they would be loyal to the firm (Burgess, 1982).Weakness-Opportunity StrategiesHigh hospitality in low price is definitely a go ahead step Hilton could adopt to overcome its weakness (King, 1995). Now that, market is been volatile, Hilton may consider leaving high scale profit to high range of customer levels to make its facilities open to all customers (Pfeifer, 198 3). For example, golf course facility should be opened to all hotel guests not only for guest who additionally buy the facility. Hilton may not loose much amount of money but it would be proven a customer oriented approach (Jones, 1996).Weakness-Threats StrategiesPoor customer service has been shouted long as major drawbacks for Hilton hotels. Sometimes customer has been given something that is not asking for and has been charged for that said services (Middleton, 1983). Price structure very often is not exposit to customer before offering thus it brings confusion. In hotel customer services is very crucial to maintain in very high level at always and customer must get the price focus than anything else (Lewis, 1988) (Reuland, Choudry, and Fagel, 1985).SMART Objectives (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-framed)SMART objectives refer to an acronym for five measures of well business growth plan. Often these measures are used to define firms objectives and future goals and evaluation of growth plan.Specific (What to do? For who? With whom)Any growth strategy should be proper(postnominal) and certain. Confusion on goals will bring ambiguous results which may prove fatal for a hospitality business like Hiltons. Well specified business goals, responsible resources, affected peoples, impact on the firms business should be well defined in this stage (Burgess, 1982).Measurable (Is measurable? How to measure?)Of course, once the growth plan and objectives are specified, a certain quantity or quality must be assigned to determine the success or failure of the forge (Pfeifer, 1983). As an example, for future expansion, Hilton plans to open 300 new hotels in next years. 300 is a measurable amount. So then, if the actual success rate is only 200 hotels, it can be said that, the plan didnt succeed fully (Khan and Olsen, 1988).Achievable (Can it be done within the resource available?)Future growth depends upon many aspects specially political, economical and social aspects. If a sudden increase of raw material price, construction of 300 hotels may not be possible within the said budget. Re- calculation might predict a lower scale of growth size (Jones, 1996).Relevant (Does this step lead to expected take?)Once achievable measurement are defined, Hilton must consider whether getting 300 more hotels would be viable specially consider the recent economic downturn. In some places, consumer may not afford to get Hiltons service especially poor developed where tourism sectors are not blooming, opening a high scale hotel may not provide desired output (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988).Time-Framed (How much time need to get the objectives done?)Time is a very important factor for any objectives to be proven very profitable or even failure. Timely decision and timely implementation is the crucial garland of time-frame (Pfeifer, 1983). For any growth strategy, Hilton must choose the right time to go ahead and put a hold when the time is not right (Tay lor and Edgar, 1996). When demand competition is high, Hilton may offer lower price for customers which may includes unique packages for a limited time (Khan and Olsen, 1988).4.3 Ansoffs Growth and Contingency MatrixThe Ansoff Growth matrix is a strategic direction tool that helps businesses decides their strategies for growth. Ansoffs product/market growth matrix discuss about the strategies on which the business deliver new or current products in new or current markets (Tideman, 1983). Overall output of Ansoff product/market matrix is sets of strategies that set the direction for the business growth. These are described belowhttp//strategyiseverywhere.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/ansoff_matrix.pngMarket PenetrationMarket penetration is a general name of selling current products into current markets. Hilton should continuously introduce new products and service to customers to leap ahead (Jones, 1996) (Reuland, Choudry, and Fagel, 1985). Since the hotels most incomes come from hospi tality facility, reshape of current products will ensure market growth and increase of demands by existing customers (Burgess, 1982). Market penetration for Hilton will be focused on the central markets that it is very familiar with, competitors are known, customer needs are defined and returns are potential (King, 1995).Market developmentMarket development tells about the distribution of current products in new market. With its existing facilities, the hotel may introduce private hospitality for the customers who love person-to-person luxury (Taylor and Edgar, 1996). A possible example could be provide terrace houses for high end customers with dedicated services (e.g. personal driver, personal chef etc). (Lewis, 1988)Product developmentProduct development is the name given to a growth strategy where a business aims to introduce new products into existing markets (Reuland, Choudry, and Fagel, 1985). Customer lifestyle has been changed dramatically in recent years so does demands ( Jones, 1996). New generation customers wants champagne instead of coffee. Thus opening of new products with unique style will remind the customers that Hilton cares what customer wants (Edgar and Umbreit, 1988).DiversificationDistribution of new products in new markets is risky. Only in certain aspects large organization does adopt this. However, it can be proven a major milestone in firms business if diversity has been done and succeed. Self service kiosk is a new service recently introduce in Hilton hotels (Burgess, 1982). Most consumers still prefer to use traditional over the counter facilities to get the process done manually or meet special request (Taylor and Edgar, 1996). New expansion business should not introduce directly this self service facility. First customer should have provided training or information about the usage of system in new market. Else, this step would be proven as a disappointment (Jones, 1996).ConclusionHilton International, the worlds best known hotel brand, has triumphed at the prestigious UK National Business Awards for a second year by winning the coveted Broadsystem Customer Focus Award 2005. The decide awarded Hilton Best Customer Focus for demonstrating it has the customer at the heart of its business and deploys and manages its resources to most effectively meet the needs of its customer base.Creative marketing agency, tend works, has supported Hiltons new brand strategy. The next phase saw the development of innovative internal and external marketing tools that communicated and delivered the brand strategy throughout the organization and to the customer. The strategy led to outstanding success for Hilton International with significant commercial returns. However, like any other company, Hilton still has room to improve further (Burgess, 1982).

The Storm Essay -- Essays Papers

The StormThe purpose of this paper is to analyze The Storm by Kate Chopin. In this paper we will advert at the setting, atmosphere, plot, character, foreshadowing, symbolism and theme of this invention.Setting and AtmosphereThis story is set on a sultry afternoon in south Louisiana beneficial Biloxi. The body of the story takes place in Calixtas home during a fierce summer beleaguer. The atmosphere is charged with electricity and sexual tension caused by the storm and the unexpected arrival of Alce Laballire who Calixta had not seen very often since her marriage, and never alone.Plot and CharacterThe main character of the story is Calixta a loving young wife and mother. Calixta is a flat character because she is shown as a normal wife who has a brief passionate episode and hence returns to beingness a normal wife and mother. We see that Calixta is a normal wife because she is performing normal household chores, she is furiously sewing in the beginning of the story and she had hung her husband Bobints, Sunday clothes out to air. Her passionate nature is shown in the lines fear in her liquid blue eyes had given place to a drowsy gleam that unconsciously betrayed a sensuous desire. (29) Her nature is further illustrated in the sentence which began The generous abundance of her passion,(29) this shows us that Calixta was a passionate woman. We then see Calixtas return to her roll of wife and mother because after the storm she was preparing supper when Bobint ...

East Timor :: essays research papers

The tiny south pacific nation of East Timor has had a long and tumultuous history. While it has been touted as the origin independent country of the 21st century, the g overnment originally state its independence in November of 1975. East Timor had spent over 300 years under Portugese regulating and the colonial influences did much to shape Timorese culture and society. As a result East Timor developed very differently from its neighbours and had little in roughhewn with the former Dutch colonization that became Indonesia. Portugese rule over East Timor was, like that in other colonies, oppressive and exploitive. The Portugese assumed a paternal role over the inhabitants of East Timor, regarding their own culture as superior. Rebellions were brutally suppressed and Portugese customs, and values along with the Portugese language were imposed on the Timorese. Despite this oppression independence movements in the colony remained strong. Political parties, once they were legalize d, quickly formed and groups advocating independence won wide spread support. Following the trend towards decolonization is South East Asia Portugal allowed semipolitical parties as a step towards indpendence and democracy in East Timor. However the Portugese failed to ensure the security of East Timor. The was result was that nine days after it had declared its independence from Portugal, East Timor was invaded by neighbouring Indonesia. What followd was a quarter century of brutal oppression in which saw a quarter of the Timorese population drop their lives at the hands of Indonesian troops. The failure of the Portugese decolonization policies cleared the way for the genocide which occurred in East Timor.Until the 1880s Portugese influnece in East Timor was strong, but not complete and the Timorese had been able to maintain their distinct cultural and religious heritages well into the nineteenth century. At this time Portugal was rapidly falling behind its colonial rivals both e conomically and militarily and thus sought to more fully exploit the economic potential of East Timor. In 1887, using the assassination of the colonial governor as a pretext, the Portugese government instituted harsh new economic programs designed to undermine the existing Timorese clan system, and bring the entire colony under the control of the colonial government. These plicies led to much resentemtn of the Portugese by the Timorese people and culminated in a massive uprising beginning 1910. The revolt lasted 2 years and was finally put down by Portugese troops in 1912.